Organ Systems & Introductory Knowledge

Question 1

integumentary system components

Answer 1

skin and associated structures ie: hair, finger/toenails, sweat glands, oil glands, subcutaneous layer

Question 2

Integumentary system function

Answer 2

protects body, regulates body temperature, vitamin D, fat storage, eliminate wastes, sensation, insulation

Question 3

skeletal components

Answer 3

bones, joints, associated cartilages

Question 4

skeletal functions

Answer 4

provides surface area for muscles, aids body movement, house cells that produce blood cells, supports and protects body, stores minerals and lipids

Question 5

muscular components

Answer 5

usually referring to skeletal muscle tissue= attached to skeleton, also cardiac and smooth muscle

Question 6

muscular functions

Answer 6

aids movement, heat production, maintains posture

Question 7

cardiovascular components

Answer 7

blood, heart, blood vessels

Question 8

cardiovascular functions

Answer 8

heart pumps blood through blood vessels, vessels take oxygen to cells and vessels carry CO2 and wastes away from cells; regulate acid-base balance, temperature, water content of body fluids; blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels

Question 9

lymphatic function

Answer 9

Returns proteins and fluid to blood; contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease causing microbes; carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood

Question 10

lymphatic components

Answer 10

Lymphatic fluid, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, cells that carry out immune responses (B cells, T cells, +more)

Question 11

nervous system component

Answer 11

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs, such as the eyes and ears

Question 12

nervous system function

Answer 12

Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities; detects changes in body’s internal and external environments, interprets the changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions.

Question 13

endocrine function

Answer 13

Regulates body activities by releasing hormones, which are chemical messengers transported in blood from an endocrine gland or tissue to a target organ

Question 14

endocrine components

Answer 14

Hormone-producing glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries and testes) and hormone-producing cells in several other organs

Question 15

reproductive function

Answer 15

Gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a mew organism; gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes; associated organs transport and store gametes; mammary glands produce milk.

Question 16

reproductive components

Answer 16

Gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females) and associated organs (such as the uterine(fallopian) tubes, uterus, and vagina in females and epididymides, seminal vesicles, prostate, ductus (vas) deferenses, and penis in males).

Question 17

digestive components

Answer 17

Organs or gastrointestinal tract-a long tube that includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines and anus; also includes accessory organs that assist in digestive processes such as the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Question 18

digestive function

Answer 18

Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates solid wastes

Question 19

urinary components

Answer 19

Kidneys, ureters, urethra, urinary bladder

Question 20

urinary function

Answer 20

Produces, stores, and eliminates urine; eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids; maintains body’s mineral balance; helps regulate production of red blood cells.

Question 21

respiratory components

Answer 21

Lungs and air passageways such as the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tubes within the lungs

Question 22

respiratory function

Answer 22

Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air; helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids; air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds

Question 23

Noninvasive diagnostic technique

Answer 23

inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion

Question 24

inspection

Answer 24

observes body for any changes that deviate from the normal

Question 25

palpation

Answer 25

feels body surfaces with hands

Question 26

auscultation

Answer 26

listens to body sounds to evaluate the functioning of certain organs, usually with a stethoscope to amplify sounds

Question 27

percussion

Answer 27

taps on body surface with fingertips and listens to the resulting sound

Question 28

levels of organization

Answer 28

chemical-cellular-tissue-organ-system-organismal

Question 29

anatomical position

Answer 29

palms forward, feet together and forward, standing straight with chest forward

Question 30

types of cuts/planes

Answer 30

sagittal (mid or para), frontal/coronal, transverse, oblique

Question 31

x-ray/radiography

Answer 31

low doses=soft tissues

regular x-rays=bones appear white and hollow organs are black