Organ Systems & Introductory Knowledge Flashcards
integumentary system components
skin and associated structures ie: hair, finger/toenails, sweat glands, oil glands, subcutaneous layer
Integumentary system function
protects body, regulates body temperature, vitamin D, fat storage, eliminate wastes, sensation, insulation
skeletal components
bones, joints, associated cartilages
skeletal functions
provides surface area for muscles, aids body movement, house cells that produce blood cells, supports and protects body, stores minerals and lipids
muscular components
usually referring to skeletal muscle tissue= attached to skeleton, also cardiac and smooth muscle
muscular functions
aids movement, heat production, maintains posture
cardiovascular components
blood, heart, blood vessels
cardiovascular functions
heart pumps blood through blood vessels, vessels take oxygen to cells and vessels carry CO2 and wastes away from cells; regulate acid-base balance, temperature, water content of body fluids; blood components help defend against disease and repair damaged blood vessels
lymphatic function
Returns proteins and fluid to blood; contains sites of maturation and proliferation of B cells and T cells that protect against disease causing microbes; carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood
lymphatic components
Lymphatic fluid, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, cells that carry out immune responses (B cells, T cells, +more)
nervous system component
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and special sense organs, such as the eyes and ears
nervous system function
Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities; detects changes in body’s internal and external environments, interprets the changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions.
endocrine function
Regulates body activities by releasing hormones, which are chemical messengers transported in blood from an endocrine gland or tissue to a target organ
endocrine components
Hormone-producing glands (pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thymus, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries and testes) and hormone-producing cells in several other organs
reproductive function
Gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes) that unite to form a mew organism; gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes; associated organs transport and store gametes; mammary glands produce milk.
reproductive components
Gonads (testes in males and ovaries in females) and associated organs (such as the uterine(fallopian) tubes, uterus, and vagina in females and epididymides, seminal vesicles, prostate, ductus (vas) deferenses, and penis in males).
digestive components
Organs or gastrointestinal tract-a long tube that includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines and anus; also includes accessory organs that assist in digestive processes such as the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
digestive function
Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates solid wastes
urinary components
Kidneys, ureters, urethra, urinary bladder
urinary function
Produces, stores, and eliminates urine; eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids; maintains body’s mineral balance; helps regulate production of red blood cells.
respiratory components
Lungs and air passageways such as the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tubes within the lungs
respiratory function
Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air; helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids; air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds
Noninvasive diagnostic technique
inspection, palpation, auscultation, percussion
inspection
observes body for any changes that deviate from the normal
palpation
feels body surfaces with hands
auscultation
listens to body sounds to evaluate the functioning of certain organs, usually with a stethoscope to amplify sounds
percussion
taps on body surface with fingertips and listens to the resulting sound
levels of organization
chemical-cellular-tissue-organ-system-organismal
anatomical position
palms forward, feet together and forward, standing straight with chest forward
types of cuts/planes
sagittal (mid or para), frontal/coronal, transverse, oblique
x-ray/radiography
low doses=soft tissues
regular x-rays=bones appear white and hollow organs are black
