Respiratory System

Question 1

What is Air made up of?

Answer 1

21% Oxygen, 78% Nitrogen and 0.03% CO2

Question 2

How does Cellular Respiration work?

Answer 2

O2 + Glucose -> Water + CO2 + ATP.

Question 3

How much is one glucose molecule worth in Energy (ATP)?

Answer 3

36 ATP.

Question 4

What is the function of the Respiratory System?

Answer 4

Take oxygen from outside and deliver it to the bloodstream.

Take carbon dioxide from the bloodstream and expel it back into the atmosphere.

Works closely with the Circulatory System

Question 5

What’s the Nasal Cavity made up of?

Answer 5

Two cavities that contain hair, Cilia, Mucous and a nice blood supply

Question 6

What is the function of the nasal cavity?

Answer 6

Cilia and Hairs filter particles.

Mucous traps particles and keeps nose moist.

Blood vessels warm Air up to Body temperature.

Question 7

Whats the Pharynx?

Answer 7

Muscular region at back of the mouth.

The function is the passageway for air and food.

Question 8

Whats the Trachea?

Answer 8

It’s a long tube lined with Cilia (tiny hairs) and Mucus.

Has cartillage rings to support it from Collapsing due to Negative pressure

Question 9

What is the function?

Answer 9

Allows air to travel to and from the lungs.

Cilia help filter out and remove dirt and bacteria from entering the lungs.

Dirt and bacteria are pushed up into the esophagus.

Question 10

What’s the Epiglottis.

Answer 10

It’s a flap of skin at the top or the larynx.

Function: Prevent bolus of food from entering trachea.

Question 11

Whats the Larynx?

Answer 11

Box shaped parts made of cartilage and elastic folds which produce sound.

Function: make sound lol

Question 12

What is the Bronchi?

Answer 12

2 branches of trachea that contain cartilage rings, Cilia and Mucous.

Function: deliver oxygen to each lung.

Question 13

What are Bronchioles?

Answer 13

smaller branches of bronchi without cartilage and lined with smooth muscle

Function: deliver oxygen to alveoil.

Question 14

What are Alveoil?

Answer 14

small grape like sacs at the end of the bronchioles to maximize surface area.

moist membrane one cell thick
Surrounded by capillaries
site of gas exchange.

Function: Diffusion of gases between air and Blood (O2 and CO2)

Question 15

Gas Exchange V. Ventilation?

Answer 15

Breathing is autonomic based on feedback mechanisms from oxygen and carbon dioxide sensors in the brain – you don’t have to think about it!
Homeostasis!
Gas Exchange: process where cells take in oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide

Ventilation: the process of moving this oxygen rich air into the lungs and removing carbon dioxide air out of the lungs

Question 16

How do we breath?

Answer 16

rib muscles pull out and up, while diaphragm muscle contracts pulling down
Chest cavity volume increases resulting in a decreased air pressure
Air moves from area of high pressure (atmosphere) to low pressure (in the lungs)

Question 17

Exhaling process?

Answer 17

Rib muscles and diaphragm relax
Chest cavity volume decreases resulting in an increased air pressure
Air moves from area of high pressure (in the lungs) to low pressure (atmosphere)

Question 18

How does diffusion work?

Answer 18

Inhaling: O2 moves from the alveolus to capillaries through diffusion - movement from high concentration to low concentration.

Exhaling: CO2 moves into alveolus by diffusion, collected from all the alveoli in the lungs and pushed back up and out the trachea to the mouth and nose.

Question 19

How does Asthma work?

Answer 19

Bronchi = swollen
Mucous = Restricted airflow

difficult to breath.

Question 20

How does chronic bronchitis work?

Answer 20

Bronchi is permanently swollen.

Person has shortness of breath due to restricted Oxygen intake.

Question 21

What is Emphysema?

Answer 21

Alveoli (air sacs) collapse and/or are destroyed permanently.

Less gas exchange = harder to get O2

Question 22

What is Pneumonia?

Answer 22

Alveoli gets filled with fluid.

Usually caused by Bacterial or Viral infection.

causes coughing, chess pain, fever, shortness of breath