respiratory system Flashcards
respiratory system
a set or organs that allows a person to breath and/or exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body
what are the two primary tasks of the respiratory system?
external and internal respiration
external respiration
exchanging air between the body and outside environment
-enters through nose and mouth
internal respiration
bringing oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide from them
what is the respiration process
inhalation - pulling air into the lungs
exhalation - pushing air out of the lungs
what does the diaphragm do in each stage of respiration
inhalation - it contracts
exhalation - it relaxes
inhalation is a _______ action and exhalation is a __________ action
active ; passive
nose
divided into two halves by nasal septum
what is the function of the nose
filters out dust, warms and moisturizes air and small speech tone
what is responsible for filtering our foreign matter within the nose?
cilia (tiny nose hairs)
pharynx
the common space used by both the respiratory and digestive system
-common pathway for both food and air
-lined by mucosa
the pharynx is the ___________ chamber for speech
resonating
nasopharynx
contains the pharyngeal tonsils which aid in the immune defense
-internal nares and ET
oropharynx
back portion of the mouth that contains the palatine tonsils which aid in immune defense
-connection to the mouth
laryngopharynx
bottom section of pharynx where respiratory system divides into the esophagus and trachea
-esophagus and larynx
larynx
voice box
-produces sounds
-prevents swallowed materials from entering the lower respiratory tract
components of the larynx
epiglottis, hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid ligament, cricothyroid cartilage and trachea comes off it
trachea (windpipe)
flexible tube
-remains open at all times
lungs
2 lungs, each cone shaped
-bordered by the thoracic wall
left vs. right lung
left - generally smaller, 2 lobes
right - 3 lobes, located more superiorly in the body
apex of the lung
superior region that projects superiorly
visceral pleura
outer surface lining that is a serous membrane
parietal pleura
serous membrane that lines the internal thoracic walls
-lateral surfaces of the mediastinum and the superior surface of the diaphragm
pleural cavity
space between the serous membrane layers
pleural fluid
what is produced by the membranes that circulates within the pleural cavity that acts as a lubricant that creates minimal friction during breathing
pleural membranes
what encloses and protects the lungs
bronchi
the inward tube within the lung
-directly off the trachea
secondary bronchi
smaller than bronchi, breaches off them
bronchioles
smallest branches within the lobes
-end of the secondary bronchi
alveoli
at the end of the bronchioles
-where gas exchange occurs
inhalation process
-diaphragm contracts (rib’s raise up)
-expansion of chest cavity
-atmospheric pressure fills lungs as air rushes into the breathing passages
-air enters lungs through bronchi
-alveoli exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide
exhalation process
when rib cage lowers and the diaphragm releases, pressure in the chest cavity is greater than atmospheric pressure
-air is pushed out of the lungs
asthma
marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing
-allergic reaction
-reduced airway spaces
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
progressive lung diseases including emphysema, chronic bronchitis and refractory asthma
-4 stages based on severity (4 being severe)
emphysema
damage to air sacs within the lungs
-hard to catch breathe
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchial tubes
-causes a cough that often brings up mucus
cystic fibrosis
hereditary disease that affects the lungs and digestive system
-thick and sticky mucus that can clog the lungs and obstruct the pancreas
pneumonia
infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs
-air sacs may fill with fluid or pus
pleural effusion
buildup of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs
audiology clinical correlation
-tissue to ET can become swollen due to an upper respiratory infection
-can cause middle ear infections due to fluid through the ET
-prolonged artificial ventilation may have risk factors for HL as a newborn baby
-ECMO may have certain factors for other medical problems
-hyperbaric therapy can help reduce severity of HL and tinnitus
