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AUDE 5260 > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

respiratory system

A

a set or organs that allows a person to breath and/or exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body

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2
Q

what are the two primary tasks of the respiratory system?

A

external and internal respiration

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3
Q

external respiration

A

exchanging air between the body and outside environment
-enters through nose and mouth

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4
Q

internal respiration

A

bringing oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide from them

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5
Q

what is the respiration process

A

inhalation - pulling air into the lungs
exhalation - pushing air out of the lungs

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6
Q

what does the diaphragm do in each stage of respiration

A

inhalation - it contracts
exhalation - it relaxes

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7
Q

inhalation is a _______ action and exhalation is a __________ action

A

active ; passive

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8
Q

nose

A

divided into two halves by nasal septum

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9
Q

what is the function of the nose

A

filters out dust, warms and moisturizes air and small speech tone

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10
Q

what is responsible for filtering our foreign matter within the nose?

A

cilia (tiny nose hairs)

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11
Q

pharynx

A

the common space used by both the respiratory and digestive system
-common pathway for both food and air
-lined by mucosa

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12
Q

the pharynx is the ___________ chamber for speech

A

resonating

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13
Q

nasopharynx

A

contains the pharyngeal tonsils which aid in the immune defense
-internal nares and ET

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14
Q

oropharynx

A

back portion of the mouth that contains the palatine tonsils which aid in immune defense
-connection to the mouth

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15
Q

laryngopharynx

A

bottom section of pharynx where respiratory system divides into the esophagus and trachea
-esophagus and larynx

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16
Q

larynx

A

voice box
-produces sounds
-prevents swallowed materials from entering the lower respiratory tract

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17
Q

components of the larynx

A

epiglottis, hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid ligament, cricothyroid cartilage and trachea comes off it

18
Q

trachea (windpipe)

A

flexible tube
-remains open at all times

19
Q

lungs

A

2 lungs, each cone shaped
-bordered by the thoracic wall

20
Q

left vs. right lung

A

left - generally smaller, 2 lobes
right - 3 lobes, located more superiorly in the body

21
Q

apex of the lung

A

superior region that projects superiorly

22
Q

visceral pleura

A

outer surface lining that is a serous membrane

23
Q

parietal pleura

A

serous membrane that lines the internal thoracic walls
-lateral surfaces of the mediastinum and the superior surface of the diaphragm

24
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between the serous membrane layers

25
Q

pleural fluid

A

what is produced by the membranes that circulates within the pleural cavity that acts as a lubricant that creates minimal friction during breathing

26
Q

pleural membranes

A

what encloses and protects the lungs

27
Q

bronchi

A

the inward tube within the lung
-directly off the trachea

28
Q

secondary bronchi

A

smaller than bronchi, breaches off them

29
Q

bronchioles

A

smallest branches within the lobes
-end of the secondary bronchi

30
Q

alveoli

A

at the end of the bronchioles
-where gas exchange occurs

31
Q

inhalation process

A

-diaphragm contracts (rib’s raise up)
-expansion of chest cavity
-atmospheric pressure fills lungs as air rushes into the breathing passages
-air enters lungs through bronchi
-alveoli exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide

32
Q

exhalation process

A

when rib cage lowers and the diaphragm releases, pressure in the chest cavity is greater than atmospheric pressure
-air is pushed out of the lungs

33
Q

asthma

A

marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing
-allergic reaction
-reduced airway spaces

34
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

progressive lung diseases including emphysema, chronic bronchitis and refractory asthma
-4 stages based on severity (4 being severe)

35
Q

emphysema

A

damage to air sacs within the lungs
-hard to catch breathe

36
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchial tubes
-causes a cough that often brings up mucus

37
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

hereditary disease that affects the lungs and digestive system
-thick and sticky mucus that can clog the lungs and obstruct the pancreas

38
Q

pneumonia

A

infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs
-air sacs may fill with fluid or pus

39
Q

pleural effusion

A

buildup of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs

40
Q

audiology clinical correlation

A

-tissue to ET can become swollen due to an upper respiratory infection
-can cause middle ear infections due to fluid through the ET
-prolonged artificial ventilation may have risk factors for HL as a newborn baby
-ECMO may have certain factors for other medical problems
-hyperbaric therapy can help reduce severity of HL and tinnitus

AUDE 5260 (32 decks)

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