respiratory system

Question 1

respiratory system

Answer 1

a set or organs that allows a person to breath and/or exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body

Question 2

what are the two primary tasks of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

external and internal respiration

Question 3

external respiration

Answer 3

exchanging air between the body and outside environment
-enters through nose and mouth

Question 4

internal respiration

Answer 4

bringing oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide from them

Question 5

what is the respiration process

Answer 5

inhalation - pulling air into the lungs
exhalation - pushing air out of the lungs

Question 6

what does the diaphragm do in each stage of respiration

Answer 6

inhalation - it contracts
exhalation - it relaxes

Question 7

inhalation is a _______ action and exhalation is a __________ action

Answer 7

active ; passive

Question 8

nose

Answer 8

divided into two halves by nasal septum

Question 9

what is the function of the nose

Answer 9

filters out dust, warms and moisturizes air and small speech tone

Question 10

what is responsible for filtering our foreign matter within the nose?

Answer 10

cilia (tiny nose hairs)

Question 11

pharynx

Answer 11

the common space used by both the respiratory and digestive system
-common pathway for both food and air
-lined by mucosa

Question 12

the pharynx is the ___________ chamber for speech

Answer 12

resonating

Question 13

nasopharynx

Answer 13

contains the pharyngeal tonsils which aid in the immune defense
-internal nares and ET

Question 14

oropharynx

Answer 14

back portion of the mouth that contains the palatine tonsils which aid in immune defense
-connection to the mouth

Question 15

laryngopharynx

Answer 15

bottom section of pharynx where respiratory system divides into the esophagus and trachea
-esophagus and larynx

Question 16

larynx

Answer 16

voice box
-produces sounds
-prevents swallowed materials from entering the lower respiratory tract

Question 17

components of the larynx

Answer 17

epiglottis, hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid ligament, cricothyroid cartilage and trachea comes off it

Question 18

trachea (windpipe)

Answer 18

flexible tube
-remains open at all times

Question 19

lungs

Answer 19

2 lungs, each cone shaped
-bordered by the thoracic wall

Question 20

left vs. right lung

Answer 20

left - generally smaller, 2 lobes
right - 3 lobes, located more superiorly in the body

Question 21

apex of the lung

Answer 21

superior region that projects superiorly

Question 22

visceral pleura

Answer 22

outer surface lining that is a serous membrane

Question 23

parietal pleura

Answer 23

serous membrane that lines the internal thoracic walls
-lateral surfaces of the mediastinum and the superior surface of the diaphragm

Question 24

pleural cavity

Answer 24

space between the serous membrane layers

Question 25

pleural fluid

Answer 25

what is produced by the membranes that circulates within the pleural cavity that acts as a lubricant that creates minimal friction during breathing

Question 26

pleural membranes

Answer 26

what encloses and protects the lungs

Question 27

bronchi

Answer 27

the inward tube within the lung -directly off the trachea

Question 28

secondary bronchi

Answer 28

smaller than bronchi, breaches off them

Question 29

bronchioles

Answer 29

smallest branches within the lobes -end of the secondary bronchi

Question 30

alveoli

Answer 30

at the end of the bronchioles -where gas exchange occurs

Question 31

inhalation process

Answer 31

-diaphragm contracts (rib's raise up) -expansion of chest cavity -atmospheric pressure fills lungs as air rushes into the breathing passages -air enters lungs through bronchi -alveoli exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide

Question 32

exhalation process

Answer 32

when rib cage lowers and the diaphragm releases, pressure in the chest cavity is greater than atmospheric pressure -air is pushed out of the lungs

Question 33

asthma

Answer 33

marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing -allergic reaction -reduced airway spaces

Question 34

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 34

progressive lung diseases including emphysema, chronic bronchitis and refractory asthma -4 stages based on severity (4 being severe)

Question 35

emphysema

Answer 35

damage to air sacs within the lungs -hard to catch breathe

Question 36

bronchitis

Answer 36

inflammation of the bronchial tubes -causes a cough that often brings up mucus

Question 37

cystic fibrosis

Answer 37

hereditary disease that affects the lungs and digestive system -thick and sticky mucus that can clog the lungs and obstruct the pancreas

Question 38

pneumonia

Answer 38

infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs -air sacs may fill with fluid or pus

Question 39

pleural effusion

Answer 39

buildup of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs

Question 40

audiology clinical correlation

Answer 40

-tissue to ET can become swollen due to an upper respiratory infection -can cause middle ear infections due to fluid through the ET -prolonged artificial ventilation may have risk factors for HL as a newborn baby -ECMO may have certain factors for other medical problems -hyperbaric therapy can help reduce severity of HL and tinnitus