nervous system cells

Question 1

neurons

Answer 1

nerve cells
-information processing
-signaling units

Question 2

multipolar

Answer 2

multiple dendritic projections coming off the cell body and usually an axon

Question 3

bipolar

Answer 3

two processes coming off the cell body
-CN 8 cells

Question 4

pseudounipolar

Answer 4

cell body with one thing coming off and then decided to have the arm going in two direction, dendritic side and axon side (impulse goes from dendrite side to the axon side), axon terminals

Question 5

soma (perikaryon)

Answer 5

cell body
-supports metabolic and synthetic needs

Question 6

dendrites

Answer 6

branching processes
-receiving information from other neurons

Question 7

axons

Answer 7

conducts information away from the cell body and to other neurons or other organs

Question 8

glial cells

Answer 8

a type of supportive cells referred to as “the glue”
-supply firmness and supports chemical environments

Question 9

schwann cells

Answer 9

specialized glial cells, flattened
-within the PNS
-produces myelin
-protective and insulating coating around axonal segments PNS neurons

Question 10

what does myelin do

Answer 10

increases speed of transmission of action potentials to carry the electrical signals/messages

Question 11

phagocytes

Answer 11

part of immune system that helps remove debris from immune system
-cleaning up

Question 12

oligodendryocytes

Answer 12

forms myelin shealth around neurons in the CNS
-within CNS glial cells

Question 13

1 oligodendrocytes goes to _______ axons in the CNS

Answer 13

20 to 60

Question 14

astrocytes

Answer 14

provides structural and metabolic support within the CNS

Question 15

ependymal cells

Answer 15

lines ventricles within the CNS

Question 16

microglia

Answer 16

become active in response to antigens
-makes up about 5-10%

Question 17

PNS vs. CNS

Answer 17

PNS : no meninges, neurons, glia (schwann)
CNS : covered by meninges, neurons, glial cells

Question 18

separation of fluid

Answer 18

extracellular space, intracellular compartments and cell membrane

Question 19

what is the cell membrane

Answer 19

bilayer of lipid molecules and protein molecules
-maintains ion concentrations, selectively permeable
-active pumping mechanism

Question 20

types of synapses

Answer 20

axo-somatic, axo-axonic and axo-dendritic
-synapse can be with another neurons or with a muscle at the neuromuscular junction with a gland

Question 21

axo-somatic

Answer 21

axons with soma synapse

Question 22

axo-axonic

Answer 22

one terminal bouton with another terminal bouton

Question 23

axo-dendritic

Answer 23

one axon is carrying information with dendrite of next cell

Question 24

nuclei

Answer 24

groups of functionally related cell bodies in the CNS
-such as cochlear nuclei

Question 25

collections of axons within the CNS

Answer 25

fasciculus, funiculus, lemniscus, peduncle, and commonly tract (such as optic tract)

Question 26

ganglia

Answer 26

clusters of functionally related cell bodies in the CNS
-such as spiral ganglia

Question 27

nerve

Answer 27

axons in the PNS for the peripheral nerves

Question 28

details of myelin

Answer 28

lipids and proteins, wrapping axons, nodes of ranvier (bare space where there is no myelin) and insulation

Question 29

endoneurium

Answer 29

individual fiber wrapped in this

Question 30

perineurium

Answer 30

several axons with individual endonerium
-this is what wraps around that

Question 31

epinerurium

Answer 31

what wraps around a bundle of perineurium

Question 32

gray matter

Answer 32

cell bodies and dendrites
-nuclei functionally related cell bodies in the CNS

Question 33

white matter

Answer 33

mostly axons due to the myelin sheath around many axons
-myelin is mostly composed of lipids and has a fatty white appearance

Question 34

multiple sclerosis

Answer 34

autoimmune disorder, destruction of myelin in patchy areas of CNS, slowing and failure of AP conduction
-muscle weakness

Question 35

guillain barre

Answer 35

autoimmune attack on peripheral nerves
-patchy demyelination
-slowing and failure of AP conduction