cerebral subcortical and brainstem organization

Question 1

intraparietal sulcus

Answer 1

intermediate in parietal lobe

Question 2

parieto occipital sulcus

Answer 2

separating parietal from occipital lobe

Question 3

occipital pole

Answer 3

furthest point in occipital lobe

Question 4

pre-occipital notch

Answer 4

separating occipital from temporal lobe

Question 5

calcarine sulcus

Answer 5

main one in occipital lobe

Question 6

cuneus gyrus

Answer 6

above the calcarine sulcus

Question 7

lingual gyrus

Answer 7

under the calcarine sulcus

Question 8

cingulate gyrus

Answer 8

other name for limbic lobe
-part of limbic system

Question 9

cortex

Answer 9

contains the gyrus, sulcus, lobes, etc.
-2-4 mm of superficial gray matter with underlying white matter
-6 horizontal layers within the gray matter

Question 10

pyramidal cells

Answer 10

most numerous cells in the cortex
-cell body with dendrite coming off

Question 11

short association fibers

Answer 11

sending information from one cortical areas to another on the same side, usually from nearby gyri
-within same hemisphere within same lobe

Question 12

long association fibers

Answer 12

connecting lobes within a single hemisphere
-crossing various lobes
-ex. arcuate fasciculus

Question 13

corona radiata and internal capsule are both….

Answer 13

white matter that is throughout the subcortical areas

Question 14

cortical columns

Answer 14

vertically organized cells of the neocortex that form the basic processing units with each column being specific to a single modality and location
-perpendicular to the surface

Question 15

thalamus

Answer 15

motor and cognitive functions
-inner chamber
-all sensory info (except olfaction) must pass through thalamus

Question 16

diencephalon

Answer 16

consists of epithalamus, sub thalamus, hypothalamus, and thalamus
-the medial surface from the 3rd ventricle

Question 17

nuclei of thalamus

Answer 17

know medial and lateral geniculate nuclei

Question 18

basal ganglia (basal nuclei)

Answer 18

set of nuclei at the base of the cerebral hemispheres
-important for completion of motor acts
-forms a loop

Question 19

what does the basal ganglia (basal nuclei) consist of

Answer 19

caudate, putamen and globus pallidus

Question 20

loop of the basal ganglia

Answer 20

projection from cortex to basal ganglia, then projections from basal ganglia to thalamus and back to cortex

Question 21

caudate

Answer 21

near wall of lateral ventricle and has a c-shaped course with a head anteriorly and tail posteriorly and inferiorly

Question 22

putamen and globus pallidus

Answer 22

forms a wedge with the putamen laterally

Question 23

striatum

Answer 23

striped appearance in sagittal slice
-caudate nucleus, putamen, and nucleus accumbens

Question 24

lenticular nucleus

Answer 24

refers to putamen and globus pallidus grouped together

Question 25

external capsule

Answer 25

similar to internal but it is just a thinner area for white matter to run through

Question 26

limbic system structures

Answer 26

cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyri, hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus

Question 27

inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP)

Answer 27

afferents from spinal cord and brainstem going to the cerebellum
-information to the cerebellum

Question 28

restiform body

Answer 28

major portion of the inferior peduncle with fibers from spinal cord and brainstem
-“rope like”

Question 29

juxtarestiform body

Answer 29

additional fibers of the ICP connecting cerebellum and vestibular nuceli

Question 30

middle cerebellar peduncle

Answer 30

largest and emerges from basal pons
-mainly afferents
-information to the cerebellum

Question 31

superior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 31

has many decussations and mainly efferent pathways from cerebellum to midbrain and thalamus
-take information from cerebellum and into the midbrain and thalamus

Question 32

red nucleus

Answer 32

in midbrain within areas for processing of auditory and reticular formation

Question 33

where does the cerebellum receive input from

Answer 33

vestibular, spinal cord and cortical input

Question 34

pyramid of medulla

Answer 34

anterior portion of the medulla, by the veins and behind sinus

Question 35

olive of medulla

Answer 35

bulging part off of the pyramids

Question 36

decussations of the pyramids

Answer 36

the meeting area of the pyramids

Question 37

basis

Answer 37

collection of axons ventral/anterior to the tegmentum
-made up of two pyramids

Question 38

tegmentum (covering)

Answer 38

covering of the 4th ventricle
-containing most of the brainstem tracts and nuclei

Question 39

tectum (roof)

Answer 39

dorsal/posterior covering, formed by tectal plate midbrain
-the roof on the back

Question 40

basal pontine nucleus

Answer 40

gray matter located in the basis of the pontine region

Question 41

medullary pyramids

Answer 41

forming the basis in the medulla

Question 42

how does the spinal cord transition to the brainstem

Answer 42

at the level of the medulla
-disorganization and smaller sizes of ventral and dorsal horns after decussations
-dorsal columns become the nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus

Question 43

pons

Answer 43

gray matter basal pontine nuclei
-axons at the middle cerebellar peduncles at the caudal level
-the 4th ventricle is distinguishable

Question 44

midbrain

Answer 44

4th ventricle narrows to form aqueducts
-periaqueductual gray (PAG) is gray matter surrounding the cerebral aqueduct

Question 45

reticular formation

Answer 45

central cord of the brainstem
-network of cell bodies and processes