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AUDE 5260 > autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

involuntary branch of the nervous system

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2
Q

what is the goal of the ANS

A

to maintain homeostasis

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3
Q

what are the 2 main divisions of the ANS

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
-both have a 2 neuron chain

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4
Q

describe the 2 neuron chain

A

1st chain - preganglionic neurons with cell body in the lateral horn of the spinal cord (before the bundle of neurons)
2nd chain - post ganglionic neuron with cell body in the peripheral autonomic ganglion (after bundle of neurons)

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5
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

thoracic and lumbar spinal cord and postganglionic cells terminate on the effector organs
-fight or flight response

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6
Q

the sympathetic nervous system is also the …….

A

thoracolumbar system

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7
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

cranial nerves and sacral components, outflow to thoracic, abdominal and pelvic viscera
-rest and digest

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8
Q

the parasympathetic nervous system is also the ….

A

craniosacral system

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9
Q

sympathetic stimulation

A

fight or flight, getting ready for something

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10
Q

examples of sympathetic stimulation

A

-increased heart rate
-constriction of blood vessels
-dilation of airways
-decreased digestive tract motility
-pupillary dilation
-increased alertness

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11
Q

parasympathetic stimulation

A

rest and digest

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12
Q

examples of parasympathetic stimulation

A

-decreased heart rate
-dilation of blood vessels
-constriction of airways
-increased motility of the digestive tract
-pupillary constriction

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13
Q

adrenal medulla

A

innervated by the ANS and is on each kidney
-outer layer is the adrenal cortex and inner layer is the adrenal medulla

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14
Q

what type of cells does the adrenal medulla contain

A

chromaffin cells
-derived from neural crest cells

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15
Q

what do chromaffin cells secrete into the bloodstream

A

catecholamines

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16
Q

what hormones are secreted into the blood by adrenal glands

A

corticosteroids (stress hormone), aldosterone (manages blood pressure), and androgenic steroids

17
Q

what is the stress hormone

A

corticosteroid

18
Q

what is involved in the supraspinal regulation of the ANS

A

hypothalamus, pituitary, limbic system, medulla, and pre-frontal cortex

19
Q

the role of the hypothalamus for the ANS

A

integration center for ANS activity

20
Q

the role of the pituitary for the ANS

A

the master gland

21
Q

the role of the limbic system for the ANS

A

the emotional system

22
Q

the role of the medulla for the ANS

A

contains centers that control the autonomic activity

23
Q

the role of the pre-frontal cortex for the ANS

A

mediating emotional expression
-such as blushing

24
Q

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA Axis)

A

works as a chain to send out chemicals that are needed to control the body for day to day functioning
-sends’s downward from hypothalamus to the adrenal

25
Q

what type of chemicals are being released from the HPA Axis?

A

CRF - cortical releasing factor (mediating endocrine system)
ACTH - stimulates adrenal glands
TCSH - thyroid hormone
ADH - antidiuretic hormone (reduce urine output)
GH - growth hormone

26
Q

how does the ANS relates to audiology

A

tinnitus

27
Q

patients that have tinnitus that is clinically significant exhibit ….

A

a strong emotional reactions, high level of anxiety, and a number of psychosomatic problems

28
Q

what involvement does the limbic system have with tinnitus

A

influencing behavior, emotional expression, seizure activity, memory storage, recall and motivational/mood states

29
Q

what involvement does the ANS have with tinnitus

A

influencing action of glands, respiration, circulation, digestive functions, and involuntary muscles in those systems and the skin

30
Q

what is important to teach patients with tinnitus

A

how the sound travels and the connection of hearing to the brain
-connection of emotions as well
-explain the system

AUDE 5260 (32 decks)

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