neurovasculature

Question 1

two main divisions

Answer 1

carotid and vertebrobasilar

Question 2

major arteries coming from the heart

Answer 2

ASVCCECIC
-aorta, subclavian, vertebral, common carotid, external carotid and internal carotid

Question 3

aorta artery

Answer 3

ascends from the left ventricle of the heart

Question 4

subclavian artery

Answer 4

arises from aorta

Question 5

vertebral artery

Answer 5

arises from the aorta and subclavian arteries
-branches off subclavian

Question 6

common carotid artery

Answer 6

arises from the aorta and subclavian arteries
-branches off subclavian (right) and aorta (left)

Question 7

external carotid artery

Answer 7

formed from common carotid
-blood to face and ear

Question 8

internal carotid

Answer 8

formed from common carotid
-blood to brain, eyes, etc

Question 9

what are the 2 major arteries coming from the heart to supply the internal nervous system

Answer 9

2 vertebral and 2 internal carotid arteries
-around 20% from vertebral
-around 80% from carotid

Question 10

vertebral-basilar blood supply

Answer 10

from the vertebral arteries
-comprised of PICA, AICA, SICA, posterior cerebral arteries, and pontine arteries

Question 11

posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICA)

Answer 11

supplies areas of the cerebellum, medulla, and choroid plexus of the 4th ventricle

Question 12

anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICA)

Answer 12

supplies inferior portion of cerebellum, including the flocculus

Question 13

superior cerebellar arteries (SiCA)

Answer 13

supplies superior cerebellum, much of the caudal midbrain and rostral pons

Question 14

posterior cerebral arteries

Answer 14

supplies caudal diencephalon, medial occipital lobe and inferior temporal lobe
-midbrain level

Question 15

pontine arteries

Answer 15

around to back of pons and anterior inferior cerebellar to cochlear nucleus
-penetrating arteries supply SOC

Question 16

carotid blood supply

Answer 16

enters at base of brain
-comprised of anterior cerebral arteries, middle cerebral arteries, posterior communicating arteries, anterior choroidal artery, internal carotid and external carotid

Question 17

anterior cerebral arteries

Answer 17

connected by anterior communicating artery
-arteries to corpus callosum arise from here

Question 18

middle cerebral arteries

Answer 18

lateral surface of cerebral hemispheres and the temporal pole of the brain

Question 19

posterior communicating arteries

Answer 19

join the posterior cerebral arteries of the vertebral basilar blood supply

Question 20

internal carotid arteries

Answer 20

begins at upper border of the thyroid cartilage and ascends to reach the base of the skull, enters at the carotid canal (lacerum)

Question 21

external carotid arteries

Answer 21

arise opposite of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, curved course, ascends upward and forward

Question 22

how many cerebellar arteries are there? cerebral?

Answer 22

3 of each
-posterior inferior, anterior inferior and superior cerebellar
-anterior, middle and posterior cerebral

Question 23

waterhsed area

Answer 23

where one artery ends and another one picks up

Question 24

circle of willis

Answer 24

protective mechanism to establish effective anastomotic flow of blood over time
-communicating arteries are main part

Question 25

what is the goal of the circle of willlis

Answer 25

equal pressure in carotids and posterior cerebral arteries and across anterior cerebral

Question 26

what blood vessels supply the outer ear

Answer 26

number of arteries from external carotid

Question 27

what blood vessels supply the middle ear

Answer 27

branches from external carotid

Question 28

what blood vessels supply the inner ear

Answer 28

external carotid, internal carotid, and labyrinthine artery

Question 29

evidence shows that around _____% of SNHL could be from vascular deficits

Answer 29

40%

Question 30

signs of a stroke

Answer 30

BEFAST -Balance, Eyes, Face, Arms, Speech, Time

Question 31

vascular plasticity

Answer 31

reorganization of blood flow due to longstanding atherosclerotic disease -gets blood from one side to the other side where is normally would not be flowing

Question 32

plexus

Answer 32

large network of blood vessels

Question 33

hemorrhage

Answer 33

large amounts of blood escapes into surrounding tissues without clotting

Question 34

hematoma

Answer 34

small amounts of blood that escapes into surrounding tissue causing bruising

Question 35

embolus

Answer 35

foreign body (blood clot) that travels within the body and can constrict blood flow

Question 36

thrombus

Answer 36

a blood clot -lesions attached to the inner vessel wall -can block partially or fully

Question 37

cerebrovascular disease and accidents

Answer 37

most common cause of neurological deficits -without blood flow to brain they cannot function and do their job

Question 38

infarct

Answer 38

necrotic region of tissue -dying tissue

Question 39

stroke

Answer 39

abrupt incidence of vascular insufficiency -losing blood to some area of their brain

Question 40

ischemic strokes

Answer 40

loss of blood supply due to mechanical blockage -transient : minutes to hours

Question 41

aneurysms

Answer 41

localized dilation of a blood vessel where the wall is weak and can rupture -can be corrected surgically if detected while small

Question 42

anteriovenous malformations

Answer 42

arteries and veins tangle together and blood is shunted from arteries to the veins -caused during development

Question 43

blood brain barrier

Answer 43

tight junctions of the endothelial cells that line the capillaries in the CNS -lipid soluble substances and glucose can cross

Question 44

blood CSF barrier

Answer 44

macromolecules can reach the choroid plexus but the capillaries do not come in direct contact with CSF so there is a barrier

Question 45

arachnoid barrier layer

Answer 45

arachnoid cells tightly zipped together with tight junctions to stop diffusion between the subarachnoid space and extracellular fluids of the dura mater

Question 46

CSF brain interface

Answer 46

CSF bathes the brain and there are not cells with tight junctions so macromolecules move freely

Question 47

where does the labyrinth artery branch off of

Answer 47

the vertebral-basilar artery -could be the AICA or basilar artery