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AUDE 5260 > cardiovascular system > Flashcards

cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

what does the cardiovascular system consist of

A

heart, blood and blood vessels
-heart to pump blood and the vessels to carry the blood

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2
Q

arteries

A

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
-primarily oxygenated blood
-thicker and stronger than veins

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3
Q

arterioles

A

small arteries attach to capillaries

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4
Q

capillaries

A

gas nutrient and waste exchange within our tissue
-these are the smallest blood vessels of the body
-collects carbon dioxide waste

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5
Q

venules

A

connects capillaries to veins
-takes waste products away the veins

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6
Q

veins

A

blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart
-carries blood that is low in oxygen
-less elastic than arteries
-contains valves

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7
Q

arteries are under ______ pressure and veins are under _______ pressure

A

higher ; lower

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8
Q

3 layers of the arteries and veins

A

tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia
-innermost to outer layer

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9
Q

lumen

A

blood vessel cavity
-the opening down the center

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10
Q

anastomosis

A

junction of blood vessels
-the forming of a group or connection
-example of the circle of willis

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11
Q

cardiac muscles

A

straited muscle, involuntary
-the bulk of the heart

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12
Q

blood vessels

A

multi, smooth muscle
-function : transports blood

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13
Q

blood composition of cells

A

red and white blood cells
-more red blood cells than white blood cells

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14
Q

plasma

A

specialized connective tissue
-around 55% of blood
-91% composed of water, 7% plasma proteins and plasma solutes make up around 2%

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15
Q

blood cells

A

erythrocytes and leukocytes and thrombocytes

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16
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells
-going through our arteries to take oxygen out
-gas exchanging
-life sustaining

17
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells
-granular and agranular
-immune system response

18
Q

thrombocytes

A

helps prevent fluid loss when vessels are damaged
-helps with blood clotting
-aka platelets

19
Q

blood clotting

A

ruptured blood vessel attracts thrombocytes
-damaged tissue releases thromboplastin (helps plugs up the hole due to the fibrin that forms threads)

20
Q

what happens if there is not effective clotting

A

end with a thrombosis or embolus

21
Q

embolus vs. thrombus

A

circulating blood clot (floating around) vs. unwanted clotting (attached)

22
Q

plasma proteins

A

albumin - important for osmotic pressure and water balance
globulin - immune function of transportation and good for clotting

23
Q

function of blood

A

transports (oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and hormones), regulates (pH levels and body temp), clotting mechanism, protection against foreign microbes, and osmosis (moving fluid between tissues)

24
Q

formation of blood in red bone marrow

A

formed within red bone marrow
-develop from stem cells

25
Q

blood types

A

type A, B, AB, and O
-are these 4 types plus 2 Rh antigens (+ or -)

26
Q

universal donor blood type

A

O-

27
Q

layers of pericardial sac

A

epicardium, pericardial cavity, myocardium, and endocarium
-outermost to closest to heart

28
Q

cardiac cycle

A

one cycle consists of the atria contraction (ventricles relax) and then the ventricles contraction (atria relax)
-systole is the contraction phase
-diastole is the relaxation phase

29
Q

blood flow

A

used blood enters in the right atrium (returns) through superior and inferior vena cava the blood will then be sent to the right ventricle which will be pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries. blood returns to the left atrium through 4 veins and will be sent to left ventricle which will go to the aorta and will go out from the aorta to the body

30
Q

how is blood supplied to the inner ear

A

anterior tympanic branch of maxillary artery, stylomastoid branch of posterior auricular artery, petrosal branch of middle meningeal artery and the labyrinthine artery

31
Q

how is blood supplied to the middle ear

A

mastoid branch, deep auricular artery (from maxillary artery), with other’s present

32
Q

how is blood supplied to the outer ear

A

posterior auricular artery, anterior auricular artery, superficial temporal artery and occipital artery

33
Q

audiology clinical correlation

A

-studies have shown that those with inadequate blood flow are more likely to have HL
-with the labyrinth artery being a big part of blood flow to our ear, cells and nerves can become damaged with improper blood flow

34
Q

how can blood flow affect tinnitus

A

pulsatile tinnitus which a result of blood not flowing easily but with forced action

35
Q

atria

A

facilitates circulation into the heart

36
Q

ventricles

A

pumps blood out of the heart

37
Q

valves

A

4 different valves
-function : prevents backflow

AUDE 5260 (32 decks)

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