cardiovascular system Flashcards
what does the cardiovascular system consist of
heart, blood and blood vessels
-heart to pump blood and the vessels to carry the blood
arteries
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
-primarily oxygenated blood
-thicker and stronger than veins
arterioles
small arteries attach to capillaries
capillaries
gas nutrient and waste exchange within our tissue
-these are the smallest blood vessels of the body
-collects carbon dioxide waste
venules
connects capillaries to veins
-takes waste products away the veins
veins
blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart
-carries blood that is low in oxygen
-less elastic than arteries
-contains valves
arteries are under ______ pressure and veins are under _______ pressure
higher ; lower
3 layers of the arteries and veins
tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia
-innermost to outer layer
lumen
blood vessel cavity
-the opening down the center
anastomosis
junction of blood vessels
-the forming of a group or connection
-example of the circle of willis
cardiac muscles
straited muscle, involuntary
-the bulk of the heart
blood vessels
multi, smooth muscle
-function : transports blood
blood composition of cells
red and white blood cells
-more red blood cells than white blood cells
plasma
specialized connective tissue
-around 55% of blood
-91% composed of water, 7% plasma proteins and plasma solutes make up around 2%
blood cells
erythrocytes and leukocytes and thrombocytes
erythrocytes
red blood cells
-going through our arteries to take oxygen out
-gas exchanging
-life sustaining
leukocytes
white blood cells
-granular and agranular
-immune system response
thrombocytes
helps prevent fluid loss when vessels are damaged
-helps with blood clotting
-aka platelets
blood clotting
ruptured blood vessel attracts thrombocytes
-damaged tissue releases thromboplastin (helps plugs up the hole due to the fibrin that forms threads)
what happens if there is not effective clotting
end with a thrombosis or embolus
embolus vs. thrombus
circulating blood clot (floating around) vs. unwanted clotting (attached)
plasma proteins
albumin - important for osmotic pressure and water balance
globulin - immune function of transportation and good for clotting
function of blood
transports (oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and hormones), regulates (pH levels and body temp), clotting mechanism, protection against foreign microbes, and osmosis (moving fluid between tissues)
formation of blood in red bone marrow
formed within red bone marrow
-develop from stem cells
blood types
type A, B, AB, and O
-are these 4 types plus 2 Rh antigens (+ or -)
universal donor blood type
O-
layers of pericardial sac
epicardium, pericardial cavity, myocardium, and endocarium
-outermost to closest to heart
cardiac cycle
one cycle consists of the atria contraction (ventricles relax) and then the ventricles contraction (atria relax)
-systole is the contraction phase
-diastole is the relaxation phase
blood flow
used blood enters in the right atrium (returns) through superior and inferior vena cava the blood will then be sent to the right ventricle which will be pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries. blood returns to the left atrium through 4 veins and will be sent to left ventricle which will go to the aorta and will go out from the aorta to the body
how is blood supplied to the inner ear
anterior tympanic branch of maxillary artery, stylomastoid branch of posterior auricular artery, petrosal branch of middle meningeal artery and the labyrinthine artery
how is blood supplied to the middle ear
mastoid branch, deep auricular artery (from maxillary artery), with other’s present
how is blood supplied to the outer ear
posterior auricular artery, anterior auricular artery, superficial temporal artery and occipital artery
audiology clinical correlation
-studies have shown that those with inadequate blood flow are more likely to have HL
-with the labyrinth artery being a big part of blood flow to our ear, cells and nerves can become damaged with improper blood flow
how can blood flow affect tinnitus
pulsatile tinnitus which a result of blood not flowing easily but with forced action
atria
facilitates circulation into the heart
ventricles
pumps blood out of the heart
valves
4 different valves
-function : prevents backflow
