cardiovascular system

Question 1

what does the cardiovascular system consist of

Answer 1

heart, blood and blood vessels
-heart to pump blood and the vessels to carry the blood

Question 2

arteries

Answer 2

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
-primarily oxygenated blood
-thicker and stronger than veins

Question 3

arterioles

Answer 3

small arteries attach to capillaries

Question 4

capillaries

Answer 4

gas nutrient and waste exchange within our tissue
-these are the smallest blood vessels of the body
-collects carbon dioxide waste

Question 5

venules

Answer 5

connects capillaries to veins
-takes waste products away the veins

Question 6

veins

Answer 6

blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart
-carries blood that is low in oxygen
-less elastic than arteries
-contains valves

Question 7

arteries are under ______ pressure and veins are under _______ pressure

Answer 7

higher ; lower

Question 8

3 layers of the arteries and veins

Answer 8

tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia
-innermost to outer layer

Question 9

lumen

Answer 9

blood vessel cavity
-the opening down the center

Question 10

anastomosis

Answer 10

junction of blood vessels
-the forming of a group or connection
-example of the circle of willis

Question 11

cardiac muscles

Answer 11

straited muscle, involuntary
-the bulk of the heart

Question 12

blood vessels

Answer 12

multi, smooth muscle
-function : transports blood

Question 13

blood composition of cells

Answer 13

red and white blood cells
-more red blood cells than white blood cells

Question 14

plasma

Answer 14

specialized connective tissue
-around 55% of blood
-91% composed of water, 7% plasma proteins and plasma solutes make up around 2%

Question 15

blood cells

Answer 15

erythrocytes and leukocytes and thrombocytes

Question 16

erythrocytes

Answer 16

red blood cells
-going through our arteries to take oxygen out
-gas exchanging
-life sustaining

Question 17

leukocytes

Answer 17

white blood cells
-granular and agranular
-immune system response

Question 18

thrombocytes

Answer 18

helps prevent fluid loss when vessels are damaged
-helps with blood clotting
-aka platelets

Question 19

blood clotting

Answer 19

ruptured blood vessel attracts thrombocytes
-damaged tissue releases thromboplastin (helps plugs up the hole due to the fibrin that forms threads)

Question 20

what happens if there is not effective clotting

Answer 20

end with a thrombosis or embolus

Question 21

embolus vs. thrombus

Answer 21

circulating blood clot (floating around) vs. unwanted clotting (attached)

Question 22

plasma proteins

Answer 22

albumin - important for osmotic pressure and water balance
globulin - immune function of transportation and good for clotting

Question 23

function of blood

Answer 23

transports (oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and hormones), regulates (pH levels and body temp), clotting mechanism, protection against foreign microbes, and osmosis (moving fluid between tissues)

Question 24

formation of blood in red bone marrow

Answer 24

formed within red bone marrow
-develop from stem cells

Question 25

blood types

Answer 25

type A, B, AB, and O -are these 4 types plus 2 Rh antigens (+ or -)

Question 26

universal donor blood type

Answer 26

O-

Question 27

layers of pericardial sac

Answer 27

epicardium, pericardial cavity, myocardium, and endocarium -outermost to closest to heart

Question 28

cardiac cycle

Answer 28

one cycle consists of the atria contraction (ventricles relax) and then the ventricles contraction (atria relax) -systole is the contraction phase -diastole is the relaxation phase

Question 29

blood flow

Answer 29

used blood enters in the right atrium (returns) through superior and inferior vena cava the blood will then be sent to the right ventricle which will be pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries. blood returns to the left atrium through 4 veins and will be sent to left ventricle which will go to the aorta and will go out from the aorta to the body

Question 30

how is blood supplied to the inner ear

Answer 30

anterior tympanic branch of maxillary artery, stylomastoid branch of posterior auricular artery, petrosal branch of middle meningeal artery and the labyrinthine artery

Question 31

how is blood supplied to the middle ear

Answer 31

mastoid branch, deep auricular artery (from maxillary artery), with other's present

Question 32

how is blood supplied to the outer ear

Answer 32

posterior auricular artery, anterior auricular artery, superficial temporal artery and occipital artery

Question 33

audiology clinical correlation

Answer 33

-studies have shown that those with inadequate blood flow are more likely to have HL -with the labyrinth artery being a big part of blood flow to our ear, cells and nerves can become damaged with improper blood flow

Question 34

how can blood flow affect tinnitus

Answer 34

pulsatile tinnitus which a result of blood not flowing easily but with forced action

Question 35

atria

Answer 35

facilitates circulation into the heart

Question 36

ventricles

Answer 36

pumps blood out of the heart

Question 37

valves

Answer 37

4 different valves -function : prevents backflow