digestive system

Question 1

digestive system

Answer 1

the system concerned with getting food and nutrients into the body and waste out of the body
-involved in processing food and nutrients to keep the body healthy

Question 2

gastrointestinal tract (GI) tract

Answer 2

provides a direct link between all of the digestive system organs

Question 3

structures of digestive system

Answer 3

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines and rectum

Question 4

mouth

Answer 4

teeth mechanically breaks the food down into smaller pieces

Question 5

pharynx

Answer 5

passageway for food and air
-begins the swallowing process
-forms food bolus

Question 6

esophagus

Answer 6

transports food from the throat to the stomach using muscle movement (called peristalsis)
-secretes mucus
-causes heartburn if acid gets here

Question 7

stomach

Answer 7

stores food we eat and breaks it down into tiny pieces
-mixes food with digestive juices that contain enzymes
-acid within stomach kills bacteria

Question 8

small intestines

Answer 8

where the absorption of digested food occurs
-lot’s of surface area
-begins with the duodenum followed by the jejunum lastly by the ileum

Question 9

large intestines

Answer 9

reabsorption of water and absorption of vitamins ; feces
-cecum, colon, rectum, anus

Question 10

colon

Answer 10

propusion and storage of unabsorbed material
-contains flora
-absorption of small amounts of water and electrolytes

Question 11

rectum

Answer 11

terminates at the anus, comes off of the colon

Question 12

what is the function of the epiglottis

Answer 12

this is a “flap” at the back of the throat that comes over the trachea preventing food from entering it

Question 13

accessory organs of the digestive system

Answer 13

tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder

Question 14

what do accessory glands do

Answer 14

secretes enzymes, ions, water and other substances

Question 15

tongue

Answer 15

tongue mixes food with saliva
-contains amylase (breaks down starch’s)

Question 16

teeth

Answer 16

what breaks down food

Question 17

salivary glands

Answer 17

secretes enzymes, ions, water and other substances
-helps with the beginning process of swallowing

Question 18

pancreas

Answer 18

production of insulin and glucagon
-source of pancreatic fluid
-below the stomach, has a head, tail, and body

Question 19

liver

Answer 19

metabolism (biotransformation), synthesis and storage
-major site for metabolism for medication

Question 20

gallbladder

Answer 20

located in depression on surface of the liver
-stores and concentrates bile until needed

Question 21

what is bile

Answer 21

fluid that is made and released by the liver
-helps with digestion

Question 22

phases of digestion

Answer 22

ingestion, propulsion (movement), mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption and defection

Question 23

peristalsis

Answer 23

muscle movement that the esophagus conducts to move food downward

Question 24

4 regions and 2 sphincters of the stomach

Answer 24

regions : cardia, fundus, body, pyloris
sphincters : lower esophageal and pyloric

Question 25

why does the most absorption occur within the small intestines

Answer 25

villi are found on the small intestine which are all covered by microvilli which increases the absorption surface area
-the small intestine has lot’s of surface area and these villi’s are the site of nutrient absorption so with more villi and more microvilli, there is more surface area for absorption

Question 26

elimination of solid waste through feces

Answer 26

travels through the large intestine and out through the rectum and anus

Question 27

crohn disease

Answer 27

inflammatory bowl disease
-inflammation within digestive tract

Question 28

celiac disease

Answer 28

autoimmune disorder that affects the small intestine
-GI problems

Question 29

cholera

Answer 29

bacterial disease that is spread through contaminated water

Question 30

jaundice

Answer 30

yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes and the whites of the eye by increased amounts of billrubin in the blood
-hyperbilirubinemia

Question 31

dysentery

Answer 31

type of gastroenteritis
-caused by shigella bacteria

Question 32

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 32

chronic, more severe form of acid reflux

Question 33

appendicitis

Answer 33

inflammation of the appendix
-rupture can spread throughout the abdomen (peritonitis)

Question 34

applications to audiology

Answer 34

-hyperbilirubinemia if severe enought to require a blood transfusion can result in HL (can cause nerve damage)
-SNHL is common with those that have IBD