midterm practical Flashcards
1
Q
epidermis
A
most outer layer of the skin
-comprised of multiple layers
2
Q
horny layer
A
outermost layerof epidermis
3
Q
stratum germinativum
A
most deep layer of epidermis
-comprised of basal lamina and the spinous layer
4
Q
dermis (derma)
A
middle layer of skin
-comprised of papillary and reticular layer
5
Q
subcutis
A
subcutaneous layer
6
Q
pacinian corpuscle
A
within subcutis layer, in between adipose cell’s
-onion appearing structure in image
7
Q
sweat gland
A
white swirly glands within the dermis layer, goes up to epidermis
8
Q
adipose cell
A
cells comprised of smaller appearing circles
-within subcutis
9
Q
hair bulb
A
at the inferior medial point of the hair
10
Q
hair cuticle
A
thin layer coming off of the hair bulb and up to the follicle
11
Q
root of hair
A
the portion just before the hair shaft
12
Q
sebaceous gland
A
glands that attach to the hair shaft
13
Q
hair shaft
A
the portion of the hair that comes out through the epidermis
14
Q
sweat pore
A
the entrance of the sweat gland at the layer of the epidermis
15
Q
CN 1
A
on olfactory bulb/tract
16
Q
CN 2
A
on optic foramen
-within thalamus
17
Q
CN 3
A
through the superior orbital fissure
-superior midbrain
18
Q
CN 4
A
superior orbital fissure
-inferior midbrain
19
Q
CN 5
A
pons
-lateral bulge
20
Q
CN 6
A
pons
-medial
21
Q
CN 7
A
pons
-inferior
22
Q
CN 8
A
pons
-superior above CN 7
23
Q
CN 9
A
medulla
-inferior to 8
-superior peduncle
24
Q
CN 10
A
medulla
-middle peduncle
25
CN 11
medulla
-inferior peduncle
26
CN 12
medulla
-medial middle portion
27
dura mater spinal cord
layer of spinal cord that can be differentiated from the rest of the cord
28
filum terminale
the terminal fiber/string
29
ventral root
nerve pathway leaving the ventral side
30
dorsal root
nerve pathway leaving the dorsal side
31
spinal nerves
a single nerve within the spinal cord
32
cervical enlargement
widened area of the upper spinal cord
33
brachial plexus
the nertwork of nerves that extends to the shoulder area
34
cauda equina
the lower portion of the vertebral column
35
lumbosacral enlargement
widened area of the lower spinal cord
36
lumbosacral plexus
the network of nerves that extends downward in the spinal cord
37
dorsal horn
posterior/dorsal side
-gray matter/cell bodies
38
ventral horn
anterior/ventral side
-gray matter/cell bodies
39
lateral horns
white matter
40
central canal
central portion that runs throughout
41
dorsal columns
white matter on the dorsal/posterior side
42
fasciculus gracilis
first section of white matter lateral to the dorsal median septum
-from lower limbs
43
fasiculus cuneatus
section of white matter lateral to the dorsal intermediate sulcus
-from upper limbs
44
dorsal media septum
what divides the dorsal white matter into two sections
45
dorsal intermediate sulcus
what divides the dorsal white matter two divisions into two further division
-within the dorsal median septum slice
46
lateral columns
white matter on the sides
47
ventral columns
white matter on the anterior/ventral side
48
ventral median fissure
what divides the ventral side into "two" sections
49
ventral white commissure
small pathway for neurons to travel in, between the median fissure and the beginning of the gray matter
50
lissauer's tract
tract on the dorsal side leading to the dorsal horn's
51
substantia gelatinosa
caps the horns
52
review reflex arc image
53
angular gyrus
below the end of the lateral sulcus
54
supramarginal gyrus
just above the end of the lateral sulcus
55
parieto-occipital sulcus
separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe
56
occipital pole
most posterior point of the occipital lobe
57
calcarine sulcus
main sulcus in occipital lobe
-V1 is around this
58
preoccipital notch
separates the occipital lobe from the temporal lobe
59
frontal operculum
area within the frontal lobe that will be moved when looking at the insula lobe
60
parietal operculum
area of the parietal lobe that will be moved when looking at the insula lobe
61
temporal operculum
area of the temporal lobe that will be moved when looking at the insula lobe
62
pituitary gland
the master gland on the undersurface of the brain
-"ball"
63
optic chiasm
midsagittal slice : tear drop shape section just above the pituitary gland
64
cingulate gyrus
main space of matter within the limbic lobe
65
cuneus gyrus
above the calcarine sulcus within occipital lobe
66
lingual gyrus
below the calcarine sulcus within the occipital lobe
67
pineal gland
hanging off the posterior commissure
68
posterior commissure
small ball at the end of the corpus callosum
69
anterior commissure
small ball at the anterior side of the corpus callosum
70
mammilary body
tucked within the brain, posterior to optic chiasm
-under brainstem
-2 little pearls
71
cerebellar peducles
between the cerebellum and pons-ish level
-superior, middle, and inferior
72
amygdala
anteromedial temporal lobe
-medial end of hippocampus
73
longitudinal fissure
divides the two hemispheres
74
lateral fissure
separates the temporal and frontal lobe
75
primary auditory cortex
heschl's gyrus
-within fissure on temporal lobe
76
planum temporale
posterior to A1
77
corpus callosum
c shaped structure within the brain
-rostrum, genu, trunk, sullcus, and splenium
78
fornix
the smaller 'c' shaped structure under the corpus callosum
-connects the hippocampus from each hemisphere
79
thalamus
structure on top of the midbrain
-comprised of 2 thalami
80
basal ganglia
bridge between the thalamus and cerebrum
81
caudate nucleus
biggest portion of the basal ganglia circle
-head is near anterior portion of the lateral ventricles
82
putamen
lateral to internal capsule, boomerange shape almost
-more lateral then globus pallidus
83
globus pallidus
smaller discolored section just lateral to the internal capsule
-more medial than putamen
84
substantia nigra
lateral to 3rd ventricle and hypothalamus
-dark brain matter
85
hippocampus
comes off lateral portion of the bottom part of the internal capsule
-rolled within temporal lobe
86
internal capsule
ending of lateral ventricle to the end of the thalamus
-remember, it is where bundles squeeze through to go to corona radiata
87
corona radiata
white matter branching out to cortex from the thalamus
88
auditory radiations
fibers that are between the medial geniculate body and A1
89
lateral ventricles
wraps around the thalamus
-internally
90
anterior horn
anterior portion of lateral ventricle
91
collateral trigone lateral ventricle
where the horns meet
-on middle posterior 'c' curve
92
posterior horn
most posterior portion of the lateral ventricle
93
inferior horn
inferior and medial horn
94
septum pellucidum
space within the corpus callosum
-with sagittal slice it will be on one side
-what connects the corpus callosum
95
interventricular foramina of monro
from lateral ventricles to the third ventricle
96
3rd ventricle
the space between the two thalami
97
4th ventricle
posterior to pons and medulla
-comes off of the cerebral aqueduct
98
cerebral aqueduct
space posterior to the midbrain areas
-between the 3rd and 4th ventricle
99
choroid plexus
within pia layer and lines the ventricles
-remember it produces CSF
100
insula
interior lobe within opening of sylvian fissure
101
cerebellum
two ball like structure hanging off of the base of the brain
-posterior to the brainstem
102
vermis
medial portion of the cerebellum that connect the two sides
103
nodulus
towards the midline from the flocculus
104
flocculus
above tonsil
-if you follow this inward you will get to the nodulus
105
tonsil
the bump hanging off the cerebellum
106
arbor vitae
the branching nerve tissue within the cerebellum
107
cerebral peduncles
at the level of the midbrain
108
limbic lobe
lobe surrounding the corpus callosum
109
parahippocampal gyrus
within medial temporal lobe
-sagittal slice : follow limbic around to temporal lobe
-whole brain : most medial on temporal lobe
110
falx cerebri
area of dura that goes between hemispheres
111
pyramids of medulla
anterior portion of medulla, by the veins and behind sinus
112
falx cerebelli
ridge between the two hemispheres of the cerebellum
113
tentorium cerebelli
"tent" over cerebellum
114
superior sagittal sinus
gap within the falx cerebri
115
straight sinus
above the cerebellum
116
transverse sinus
within tentorium cerebelli at the back of the cerebellum
117
primordium of the eyes
most lateral (on left side) of the 5 main bumps
-elevated bump
118
primordium of the telencephalon
left side of the “nose of seahorse”
119
primordium of the nose
most medial portion of “the nose of the seahorse”
120
primordium of the upper jaw
to the right of the eye bump
-bulge right above crease of the “neck”
121
primordium of the diencephalon
left superior curve of shape
122
primordium or the mesencephalon
medial to the diencephalon
123
mandibular arch
the 1st brachial arch
-medial to upper jaw area
124
hyoid arch
2nd brachial arch
-top of the “stomach of seahorse”
-to the left of mandibular
125
3rd brachial arch
to the left of the hyoid arch
-ending of the main arch’s
126
primordium of vertebra
down the “spine of the seahorse”
-4th somite
127
primordium of the atriums
bigger bulge medial to the vertebra
128
upper (anterior) limb buds
just medial to the vertebra area
-at the slight curve of the shape
129
primordium of the liver
medial and inferior to the upper limb bud
130
primordium of the ventricle
medial and inferior to the atriums
131
lower (posterior) limb buds
bulge at the “tail end of the seahorse”
132
infundibulum
process that connects the pituitary gland to the brain
