Respiratory system Flashcards
The visceral pleura covers the:
outer surface of the lung
An area common to both the respiratory and digestive system through which food, drink, and air pass is the:
oropharynx
Which structure is the last, smallest portion of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?
terminal bronchiole
The ____________ cartilage of the larynx forms the laryngeal prominence (“Adam’s apple”).
thyroid
The C-shaped cartilages in the trachea:
hold the trachea open and allow for swallowing
The epithelium lining the alveoli is:
simple squamous
Gas exchange occurs in the:
upper respiratory tract.
upper respiratory tract includes:
- nose and naval cavities
-nares
-nasal septum
-hard palate
-soft palate - paranasal sinuses
- pharynx [3 regions]
-within conducting portion of the respiratory system
what are the 4 paranasal sinuses?
frontal
ethmoidal
sphenoidal
maxillary
Respiratory system functions
- pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
*** Inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation (expiration) - gas exchange
[external respiration exchanges gas between atmosphere and blood]
[internal respiration exchanges gas between blood and body cells] - gas/air conditioning (Warming, humidifying, cleansing)
- sound production: larynx crucial for speech and singing
- olfaction
- defense- protection against airborne pathogens
Pharynx
-3 regions
nasopharynx [pseudostratified ciliated columnar ET]
oropharynx [unkeratinized stratified squamous ET to resist abrasion from food]
laryngopharynx [unkeratinized stratified squamous ET to resist abrasion from food]
“the throat”
lined with a mucosa
has skeletal muscle for swallowing control
larynx
“the voice box” - houses vocal chords & manipulates pitch and sound volume
connects the pharynx to the trachea
-supported by framework of cartilages
trachea
“the windpipe”
travels anterior to esophagus, inferior to larynx, superior to main bronchi
supported by C shaped tracheal cartilages connected by annular ligaments
-has the mucociliary escalator: removes pathogens
bronchial tree
trachea splits into right and left main (primary) bronchi
-each main bronchus divides into lobar (secondary) bronchi
-final segment of conducting pathway= terminal bronchioles
terminal bronchioles branch into-
respiratory bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles branch into-
alveolar ducts
alveolar ducts end with dilated:
alveolar sac
lung lobes are separated by:
depressions/lines called fissures
right lung- 3 lobes [superior, middle, inferior] – horizontal & oblique fissure.
left lung- 2 lobes [superior & inferior w/ oblique fissue]
the superior region of the lung is called:
inferior region is the:
apex
base (rests on diaphragm)
differences between the left and right lung
- left lung is slightly smaller to accommodate the fact that the heart projects into the left side of the thoracic cavity
*left lung has 2 lobes, right has 3
- left lung has some depressions to accomodate heart (cardiac impression on medial surface) & cardiac notch —- these allow heart to occupy space
The structure in the head/neck that is a common passageway for both food and air is the:
pharynx
lower respiratory system includes:
- cartilages
-epiglottis; thyroid; cricoid; corniculate; arytenoid - Larynx
-hyoid bone
-vocal folds [false vestibular, & true] - Trachea
-trachealis muscle; carina - Bronchi
-primary, secondary, tertiary - Lung airways
-bronchioles, alveoli
alveoli are lined with-
simple squamous ET
lungs are surrounded by-
pleural membrane
which lung is larger?
right lung is larger
The tiny round spaces in the lung where gas exchange occurs are:
alveoli
What is found at the location indicated by
A?
D?
A- nasal turbinates
D- trachea
identify the side of A and B
A- right
B- left
From the upper respiratory passages to the lower passages and finally to the alveoli, the amount of hyaline cartilage and goblet cells gradually _____________
decreases
From the upper respiratory passages to the lower passages and finally to the alveoli, epithelial tissue changes from:
taller (pseudostratified) to shorter (cuboidal) and finally to flat (squamous)
Identify this area
lung
[has alveoli]
What type of cells are found in the alveoli?
Type 1 epithelial & endothelial
Type 2
Macrophages
Respiratory bronchiole
[t=terminal]
What is the arrow pointing to?
Terminal bronchiole
Identify A
primary bronchi
identify the purple
trachea
identify A
Carina of trachea
identify A and B
A- hard palate
B- soft palate
what is the highlighted area
uvula
identify A and B
A- palatoglossal arch
B- palatopharyngeal arch
label the colored parts
blue- nasopharynx
green- oropharynx
purple- laryngopharynx
what is circled?
pharynx
identify this
larynx
identify circled area
epiglottis
identify 5/circled area
thyroid cartilage
identify 6/circled area
cricoid cartilage
identify the circled area
arytenoid cartilage [posterior]
identify #3
corniculate cartilages
identify the yellow and red
yellow- true vocal cords
red- false, vestibular folds
identify the blue
arytenoid cartilage
identify the blue
cricoid cartilage
identify the blue
vocal folds
identify the blue
superior lobe of right lung
identify the blue
superior lobe of left lung
identify the blue
right lung
what is it pointing to?
oblique fissure of left lung
identify the circled area
middle lobe of right lung
identify circled area
horizontal fissure of the right lung
identify circled area
oblique fissure of right lung
identify circled area
inferior lobe of right lung
identify circled area
inferior lobe of the left lung
identify A
Cardiac notch (of left lung)
identify the green
hilum of lung
Trachealis
The trachealis muscle lies posterior to the trachea
what contains pharyngeal tonsil?
nasopharynx
________________ lacks cartilage but has significant amounts of smooth muscle in wall
bronchiole
what causes air turbulence in nasal cavity?
nasal conchae
what has a cardiac notch and cardiac impression?
left lung
cricoid cartilage is made of-
solid ring of hyaline cartilage
______________branches directly from the trachea
main bronchus
what cell produces pulmonary surfactant?
alveolar type II cell
vocal folds attach to ____________
arytenoid cartilage
what is the phagocytic cell in alveoli?
alveolar macrophage
what covers laryngeal opening when swallowing?
epiglottis
diaphragm, internal, and external intercostals are all muscles of :
respiration
