Respiratory pt 2 Flashcards
what kind of tests are rapid antigen tests
viral tests
what type of pneumonia is typically mild but will progress rapidly and can be fatal in children
viral pneumonia
what covid strain:
mutation that increase transmissibility
-prominant 2021 strain
delta
What is enterovirus D68
a typically mild and cold-like disease that can progress to something more serious like muscle weakness+flaccid paralysis due to spinal cord inflammation
what is a hypercoaguable state
when your blood is more likely to clot
what is the most common cause of croup
parainfluenza virus
what causes the airway to narrow with croup
subglottic inflammation and edema
obstructive or restrictive:
tuberculosis
restrictive/infectious
describe the pathophysiology of bacterial pneumonia
acute inflmmatory response leads to water+plasma proteins to lower lung lobes
causes rbcs, fibrin and plymorhonuclear leukocytes to infiltrate alveoli
build up of these is a medium for the spread and proliferation of bacteria
how does covid 19 replicate
in alveolar epithelial cells - destroying them
obstructive or restrictive:
viral pneumonia
restrictive/infectious
what is a barking cough associated with
croup
chronic bronchitis
continued bronchial inflammation + increase in productive cough/dyspnea
obstructive or restrictive:
covid 19
restricitve/infectious
what does the ENaC channel do
reabsorbs sodium into cells
how does a dysfunctional CFTR affect sodium reabsorption
a normal CFTR would inhibit the reabsorption, but a faulty one does NOT inhibit ENaC
why can aspiration pneumonia be associated with bacterial pneumonia
because aspiring water in a near drowning incident will have lots of bacteria in it
are men fully infertile in CF
yes, they still produce sperm but it cant get through the vas deferens
what ribonuclease can be used to treat CF
dornase alfa
obstructive or restrictive:
Bronchiectasis
obstructive
obstructive or restrictive:
bacterial pneumonia
restrictive/infectious
what is pulmonary emphysema a late manifestation of
repeated inflammatory episodes of chronic bronchitis
what is bronchiectasis
permanent dilation and distortion of bronchi and bronchioles
what covid strain:
spike protein vaccinations that make vaccination less effective
beta
what hurts the lung ventilation capacity with chronic bronchitis
excessive secretion of mucus that obstructs airways
how does breathing sound for someone with croup
varking cough
stridor
what does COPD stand for
chronic obsturctive pulmonary disease
what is the most common upper respiratory obstruction in children
croup
obstructive or restrictive:
pulmonary emphysema
obstructive
what is SARS
a coronaviral infection that rapidly developed into pneumonia
what is pulmonary emphysema
permanent enlargement of alveoli and deterioration of alveolar walls
what covid strain:
spike protein mutated - antibody binding affected
transmissibility up
alpha
what did the omicron strain change
easier transmission but less severe
what does pulmonary emphysema typically lead to
barrel chest
what is the most common chronic pulmonary disease
pulmonary emphysema
what are some symptoms of bronchiectasis
chronic productive cough
dyspnea
fever
weight loss
what do covid antibody tests tell us
if you were ever infected
why does lower chloride secretion and higher sodium reabsorption cause thicker mucus
water follows solutes, if theres no solutes in the mucus, it’ll leave and the mucus will be less dilute
what covid test tells us if we have ever been infected
antibody tests
2% of pulmonary emphysema are caused by:
genetic anti alpha trypsin
what causes bronchiectasis
breakdown of airway SM and CT due to chronic infection/inflammation