Renal disorders Flashcards
what is CKD
gradual decline in GFR that progesses over a period of years
what things can cause prostate englargement
cancer
BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasisa)
Plasma creatinine relects GFR in what kind of kidney disease
Chronic
post renal failure is typically due to
obstruction of urine flow
what is the clinical standard of substances used to measure GFR
creatine
how can Ang II antagonists treat CFR
they allow the efferent arteriole to dilate and causes glomerular capillary pressure to fall back to normal
what percent of blood goes to the cortex
90
repeated upper UTIs can increase the risk for what
chronic kidney disease
what two things typically cause kidney stones
low fluid intake
dietary protein/sodium, oxalate, grapefruit juice (acidity)
is there typically hematuria with nephrotic syndrome
nada
what are the 3 categories of albuminuria
A1- microalbuminuria
A2 - macroalbuminuria
A3 - I cant find this term anywhere
why do men have a higher GFR
due to the higher Body Surface Area
what are a few treatment options for DKD
glycemic control
blood pressure control
(they reduce proteinuria_
how do you treat diabetic kidney disease
glycemic and BP control
what does VUR stand for
vesicouretheral reflux
what is minimal change disease
a form of nephrotic syndrome
what is a big structural injury due to DKD
podocyte loss or damage
what is the normal GFR range
90-120mL/min/1.73m^2
describe 2 clinical manifestations of DKD
progressive GFR decline
proteinuria
why is there a progressive decrease in GFR with DKD
due to structural damage
What is IgA nephropathy
a disease in which IgA protein builds up in and damages the glomerulus
End stage renal disease definition (RIFLE)
complete loss of kidney function for more than 3 montsh
what are 3 risks of proteinuria
kidney failure
heart disease
high blood pressure
what are 3 disorders caused by renal failure ONLY seen in CKD
anemia
bone disease
failiure to concentrate or dilate the urine
what is hydroureter
enlargement of the ureter due to a blockage
what does Pt stand for
tubular pressure
why is there early albuminuria and increase of GFR with DKD
due to a dysregulation of afferent/efferent arteriole constriction (due to vasoactive hormones)
Loss definition (RIFLE)
persistent AKI or complete loss of kidney function for more than 4 weeks
what is the formula for determinants of GFR
Kf (Pgc -(Pt +COPgc))
Injury definition (RIFLE)
doubling of creatinine or urine production under 0.5 ml/kg for 12 hours
what grade of VUR is the most vs lease severe
grade I - least severe
grade V - most severe
how many L of blood is filtered in 24 hours
180L
who is at a higher risk of collapsing glomerulopathy
those of sub saharan african descent
what is the most common cause od CKD
diabetic kidney disease
Nephritic syndrome
group of disorders that cause swelling or inflammation of the internal kidney structures
what is the RIFLE criteria used for
classifying acute kidney injury due to the degree of impairment present
why is albumin not filtered out
because both it AND the basement membrane of the glomerulus are negatively charged so they repel
what is collapsing glomerulopathy characterized by
segmental or global glomerular tuft collapse
GFR=
(Uin * V)/ Pin
decreased production of Ang II or receptor blockade causes what
the efferent arteriole to dilate
what are 4 treatments for kidney stones
chemolysis
diuretics
allopurinol to lower uric acid levels
removal of stones
what is snGFR
single nephron GFR