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PHS 3300 > Blood Disorders pt 2 > Flashcards

Blood Disorders pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is polycythemia

A

abnormally high RBC mass resulting in higher blood viscosity

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2
Q

what are the two forms of polycythemia

A

relative
absolute

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3
Q

what is relative polycythemia

A

Hct increased due to dec in plasma volume

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4
Q

what are the two forms of absolute polycythemia

A

primary
secondary

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5
Q

what is primary polycythemia

A

chronic neoplastic, non-malignant condition of overproduction of RBCs independant of EPO

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6
Q

what does primary polycythemia result from

A

abnormal regulation of the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells

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7
Q

what is secondary polycythemia

A

physiologic response due to increased EPO due to chronic hypoxia

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8
Q

what is hemostasis

A

process for stopping of bleeding and preventing blood loss after vessel injury

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9
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

decrease in number of circulating platelets

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10
Q

thrombocythemia

A

increase in the number of platelets

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11
Q

are platelet disorders more common in men or women

A

women

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12
Q

thrombocytopenia and thrombocythemia are examples of what kind of disorders

A

platelet

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13
Q

are coagulation disorders more common in men or women

A

men

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14
Q

what are the primary cause of bleeding in platelet disorders

A

abnormality in the quantity or quality of platelets

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15
Q

is it more common for platelet disorders to be acquired or inherited

A

acquired

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16
Q

is it more common for coagulation disorders to be congenital or acquired

A

congenital

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17
Q

what does bleeding time evaluate

A

vascular status and platelet function

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18
Q

what is the activated partial thromboplastin time

A

time it takes for a sample of plasma to clot after addition of compounds that mimic contact of blood with an artificial surface

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19
Q

what does activated partial thromboplastin time assess

A

the intrinsic pathway

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20
Q

what is the prothrombin time

A

time it takes for a sample of plasma to clot after additon of tissue extract

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21
Q

what can a prothrombin time test show

A

coagulation defect in the extrinsic pathway

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22
Q

what is thrombin time

A

the time needed to convert fibrinogen to fibrin

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23
Q

what does thrombin time reflect

A

the quality and quantity of fibrinogen

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24
Q

what does the D-dimer assay reflect

A

fibrinolysis

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25
Q

what is thrombocytopenia

A

decreased platelet count resulting from decreased platelet production, increased consumption or both

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26
Q

is congenital or aquired thrombocytopenia more common

A

acquired

27
Q

how can one aquire thrombocytopenia

A

viral infections (among other factors)

28
Q

what are the most common forms of thrombocytopenia a result of

A

increased platelet destrcution

29
Q

when does Immune thrombocytopenia purpura develop symptoms

A

until youre under 100 000uL

30
Q

when does petechiae and purpura occur with ITP

A

when platelets are under 50 000uL

31
Q

when thrombocytopenia is severe, there is considerable risk of what?

A

visceral hemorrhages

32
Q

what is the main danger of severe platelet deficits

A

intracranial hemorrhage

33
Q

what is thrombocytosis

A

high number of platelets in the blood

34
Q

difference between thrombocythemia and thrombocytopenia

A

thrombocythemia: high number of platelets
thrombocytopenia: low numbers of platelets

35
Q

what can thrombocytosis lead to in some patients

A

thrombosis

36
Q

are aquired or congenital qualitative platelet disorders more common

A

acquired

37
Q

what are the 3 main causes of qualitative platelet disorders

A

drugs
systemic inflammatory conditions
hematologic alteration

38
Q

what is a coagulopathy

A

defect of the normal clotting mechanism

39
Q

what is hemophilia

A

a group of hereditary disorders that affect blood clotting

40
Q

what is the most common inherited bleeding disorder

A

hemophilia

41
Q

what is hemophilia associated with (chromosome)

A

sex chromosome X

42
Q

is the hemophilia gene recessive or dominant

A

recessive

43
Q

hemophilia A is associated with what factor and is what percent of cases

A

85%
factor 8

44
Q

hemophilia Bis associated with what factor

A

factor 9

45
Q

hemophilia B is also known as

A

Christmas disease

46
Q

what is von willebrand disease due to

A

decrease or absence of the von Willebrand factor and decrease in factor 8

47
Q

what is necessary for stabilization of factor 8

A

VWF

48
Q

what are the vitamin-K dependent coagulation factors

A

2,7,9,10

49
Q

what are some clinical manifestations of hemophilia

A

bruising
nosebleeds
prolonged bleeding
mouth/gum bleeding

50
Q

what are some clinical manifestations of VWD

A

mucous membrane hemmorages
nose/GI bleeding
ecchymosis
menorrhagia

51
Q

Ecchymosis

A

a discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath,

52
Q

menorrhagia

A

very heavy bleeding on your perido

53
Q

what are the 2 kinds of vitamin deficiency

A

bleeding in infancy
acquired

54
Q

what are some clinical manifestations of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in infants

A

black feces
hematuria
umbilical bleeding

55
Q

what are some clinical manifestations of aquired vitamin K deficiency

A

bleeding:
mucosal
GI
menorrhagia
hematuria

56
Q

hematuria

A

blood in urine

57
Q

what is disseminated intravascular coagulation

A

both bleeding and clotting occur simultaenously

58
Q

is DIC aquired or congenital

A

acquired

59
Q

what is DIC triggered by

A

another medical issue that affects the blood clotting pathway

60
Q

what is acute DIC

A

secondary to trauma, ie sepsis, snake bite, or massive hemorrhage and thrombosisw

61
Q

who would get chronic DIC

A

cancer patients with malignancy

62
Q

what is chronic DIC characterized by

A

subacute hemorrhage
diffuse microcirculatory thrombosis

63
Q

do you have high or low platelets in DIC

A

low

64
Q

detection of what is a widely used test for DIC

A

D-dimers

PHS 3300 (14 decks)

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