Blood Disorders pt 2 Flashcards
hematuria
blood in urine
what is von willebrand disease due to
decrease or absence of the von Willebrand factor and decrease in factor 8
what is necessary for stabilization of factor 8
VWF
what are some clinical manifestations of hemophilia
bruising
nosebleeds
prolonged bleeding
mouth/gum bleeding
who would get chronic DIC
cancer patients with malignancy
what does activated partial thromboplastin time assess
the intrinsic pathway
do you have high or low platelets in DIC
low
what is acute DIC
secondary to trauma, ie sepsis, snake bite, or massive hemorrhage and thrombosisw
when does Immune thrombocytopenia purpura develop symptoms
until youre under 100 000uL
what is the main danger of severe platelet deficits
intracranial hemorrhage
hemophilia B is also known as
Christmas disease
how can one aquire thrombocytopenia
viral infections (among other factors)
what are the 3 main causes of qualitative platelet disorders
drugs
systemic inflammatory conditions
hematologic alteration
what does bleeding time evaluate
vascular status and platelet function
what is a coagulopathy
defect of the normal clotting mechanism
what can a prothrombin time test show
coagulation defect in the extrinsic pathway
what is disseminated intravascular coagulation
both bleeding and clotting occur simultaenously
are aquired or congenital qualitative platelet disorders more common
acquired
what is secondary polycythemia
physiologic response due to increased EPO due to chronic hypoxia
what is thrombocytosis
high number of platelets in the blood
is it more common for platelet disorders to be acquired or inherited
acquired
what are the most common forms of thrombocytopenia a result of
increased platelet destrcution
what is thrombocytopenia
decreased platelet count resulting from decreased platelet production, increased consumption or both
what are some clinical manifestations of VWD
mucous membrane hemmorages
nose/GI bleeding
ecchymosis
menorrhagia
difference between thrombocythemia and thrombocytopenia
thrombocythemia: high number of platelets
thrombocytopenia: low numbers of platelets
what is the most common inherited bleeding disorder
hemophilia
Ecchymosis
a discoloration of the skin resulting from bleeding underneath,
what is hemophilia associated with (chromosome)
sex chromosome X
what is DIC triggered by
another medical issue that affects the blood clotting pathway
what are the primary cause of bleeding in platelet disorders
abnormality in the quantity or quality of platelets
what does primary polycythemia result from
abnormal regulation of the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells
is the hemophilia gene recessive or dominant
recessive
what does thrombin time reflect
the quality and quantity of fibrinogen
are coagulation disorders more common in men or women
men
what is polycythemia
abnormally high RBC mass resulting in higher blood viscosity
what is hemophilia
a group of hereditary disorders that affect blood clotting
what is the activated partial thromboplastin time
time it takes for a sample of plasma to clot after addition of compounds that mimic contact of blood with an artificial surface
what are the vitamin-K dependent coagulation factors
2,7,9,10
when does petechiae and purpura occur with ITP
when platelets are under 50 000uL
what is primary polycythemia
chronic neoplastic, non-malignant condition of overproduction of RBCs independant of EPO
menorrhagia
very heavy bleeding on your perido
hemophilia A is associated with what factor and is what percent of cases
85%
factor 8
what are the two forms of polycythemia
relative
absolute
thrombocytopenia
decrease in number of circulating platelets
what are the two forms of absolute polycythemia
primary
secondary
is it more common for coagulation disorders to be congenital or acquired
congenital
when thrombocytopenia is severe, there is considerable risk of what?
visceral hemorrhages
what does the D-dimer assay reflect
fibrinolysis
what are the 2 kinds of vitamin deficiency
bleeding in infancy
acquired
thrombocythemia
increase in the number of platelets
what is chronic DIC characterized by
subacute hemorrhage
diffuse microcirculatory thrombosis
is congenital or aquired thrombocytopenia more common
acquired
what are some clinical manifestations of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in infants
black feces
hematuria
umbilical bleeding
what is the prothrombin time
time it takes for a sample of plasma to clot after additon of tissue extract
thrombocytopenia and thrombocythemia are examples of what kind of disorders
platelet
what are some clinical manifestations of aquired vitamin K deficiency
bleeding:
mucosal
GI
menorrhagia
hematuria
what is thrombin time
the time needed to convert fibrinogen to fibrin
what is relative polycythemia
Hct increased due to dec in plasma volume
is DIC aquired or congenital
acquired
what can thrombocytosis lead to in some patients
thrombosis
hemophilia Bis associated with what factor
factor 9
detection of what is a widely used test for DIC
D-dimers
are platelet disorders more common in men or women
women
what is hemostasis
process for stopping of bleeding and preventing blood loss after vessel injury
