Neuro pt 2 Flashcards
what does MI represent
primary motor cortex
where are the nasal retinas
more medial, toward the nose
alexia
impaired reading ability
where is the right visual field represented
left visual cortex and thalamus
what tracts are a part of the lateral pathways
corticospinal
rubrospinal
what area is M1 in
area 4
loss of sensory info
recognition/association
agnosia
what is a wedge vertebral fracture
compression fracture where anterior part of the vertebrae collapses
how is the motor cortex organized
topographically
what are the 4 major lobes
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
where is the visual cortex
the occipital lobe
what is the tectospinal tract responsible for
mediating reflexes to visual stimuli
where does the right visual field project to
the right nasal retina
left temporal retina
what is locked in syndrome
patients are aware and can think but are paralyzed and cannot communicate
name two things that happen when there is damage ot upper motor neurons
interference with voluntary movements
weakness/paralysis on the contralateral side of the body
where does the vestibulospinal tract start and end
medualla
spinal cord
where does the tectospinal tract originate
the midbrain
what is the grey matter of the brain
nerve cell bodies
what causes non fluent aphasia
damage to brocas area
receptive or seonsory aphasia
inability to read/understand the spoken word due to inability to process info in the brain
global aphasia
combination of expressive and receptive aphasia
when does a decerebrate response occur
when a person has a brain stem lesion
what is aphasia
inability to comprehend or express language
impaired reading ability
alexia
what is hemianopia
loss of vision on either one or both eyes, either partially or completly
what does the premotor cortex control and where would you find it
skilled movements in the frontal lobe
what is a dislocation vertebral fracture
vertebra forced out of its normal position
what would you see with damage to a particular fiber
partial loss
the optic fibers from what retina CROSS in the optic chiasm
the nasal retinas
what does the medulla control
resp and cardio function
cough reflex, swallowing, vomiting
damage to what side of the brain causes behavioural problems
right
a strong unexpected visual stimulus activates what part of the tectospinal tract
the superior colliculus
agnosia
loss of (word?) recognition/association
what side of the LGN receives input from the left visual field
the right LGN
motor dysfunction that affects the muscles used in speech
dysarhria
what is a compression vertebral fracture
crushed or shattered bone in multiple fragments
what are the two stages of post-trauma to the spinal cord
spinal shock
recovery
what is dysarhria
motor dysfunction that affects the muscles used in speech
what would you see with damage at the optic tract or occipital lobe
loss of visual field on side opposite to that of the damage
what spinal segement has many motoneurons that are necessary for control of arm and hand muscles
cervical enlargement
when does a decorticate response occur
when there is severe damage in a hemesphere
injury in what area causes expressive aphasia
brocas
impaired writing ability
agraphia
non fluent aphasia
slow and labored short phrases
what is the auditory cortex responsible for/ where is it
hearing
temporal lobe
what would you see with damage to the optic chiasm
complete loss of sight
what is a vegetative state
patient has no awareness, and is not responsive to stimuli, but brainstem function still works
what is spinal shock
all neurological activity is shut down - no reflexes (can last for days or weeks)
agraphia
impaired writing ability
what are the 3 parts of the frontal lobe
premotor cortex
motor cortex
brocas area
what does the pons link togeteher
the cerebellum and cerebrum
what does the corticospinal tract initiate
movements and modulate spinal reflexes
inability to comprehend or express language
aphasia
what are the two kinds of routes for control of spinal motor neurson
lateral
ventromedial pathways
injury in what area causes receptive aphasia
wernickes
where is the somatosensory area
the parietal lobe
if a brain damage patient presented with loss of logical thinking, communication and analytical skills, what side of his brain was damaged
left
what does the corticospinal tract terminate on
motor neurons and interneurons
fluent aphasia
normal speaking pace but made up words
what layers of the LGN recieve input from the nasal retinas
1,4,6
where would you find the white matter of the brain
corpus callosum
what does the thalamus do
relays and integrates sensory impulses
what layers of the LGN recieve input from the temporal retina
2,3,5
what is brocas area and where would you find it
a part of the brain responsible for speech expression in the frontal lobe
what spinal segement has many motoneurons that are necessary for control of leg and feet muscles
lumbar enlargement
what spinal segement has fewer motoneurons and control the torso muscles
thoracic segments
what is a simple vertebral fracture
single line break
what causes fluent aphasia
damage to wernickes area
the optic nerve fibers from the ____ _____ retina cross in the optic chiasm
right nasal
what is the white matter of the brain
myelinated nerve bundles
expressive or motor aphasia
impaired ability to speak/write fluently and apropriately
what tracts are a part of the ventromedial pathways
tectospinal tract
vestibulospinal
pontine reticulospinal
medullary reticulospinal
where are the temporal retinas
on the lateral side of the retina
the optic nerve fibers from the right nasal retina join what fibers that stay on the left side
left temporal retina
what part of the spinal cord are motoneurons located
the ventral horn
what is the olfactory cortex responsible for and where is it
smell
temporal lobe
what causes global aphasia
major brain damage
what does the motor cortex control and where would you find it
voluntary movements in hte frontal lobe
name two things that happen when there is damage to lower motor neurons
weakness/paralysis on the SAME side of the body
weakness/paralysis at and below the level of the spinal cord damage
what is a decorticate response
rigid flexion in the upper limbs, extension of hte lower limbs
what is the vestibulospinal tract responsible for
upper posture maintenance
vestibulospinal reflexes (balance and posture)
what is wenickes area responsible for and where is it
speech comprehension
temporal lobe
what is a decerebrate response
both uppper and lower limbs are extended and the head and body are arched
where does the corticospinal tract run from
M1 to the contralateral spinal cord
