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PHS 3300 > Cardiac pt 3 > Flashcards

Cardiac pt 3 Flashcards

1
Q

describe the alteration of chamber compliance for all 3 cardiomyopathies

A

dilated - inc
hyper - dec (LV mainly)dec
restric - dec (LV mainly)

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2
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart muscle

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3
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardium

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4
Q

describe ASD

A

opening between the atria allowing blood to flow from LA to RA

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5
Q

what is coarctation of the aorta

A

narrowing of the aorta

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6
Q

what are some commonly used criteria to diagnose HF

A

dyspnea
crackles
pulm edema
S3 sound
tachycardia
cardiomegaly

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7
Q

what are the 4 parts of tetralogy of fallot

A

large VSD
pul stenosis
overriding aorta
RV hypertrophy

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8
Q

what is the end stage result of cardiomyopathies

A

low ejection fraction

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9
Q

is stenosis quick or does it take time to develop

A

develops slowly over years

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10
Q

what is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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11
Q

Valve Insufficiency

A

inability of a valve to close completely

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12
Q

what are some clinical manifestations of cardiomyopathies

A

dyspnea
orthopnea
low exercise tolerance
fatique
weakness
arrhytmia

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13
Q

what is the ejection fraction

A

the percentage of blood ejected vs what was in the LV

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14
Q

s2 sounds

A

closure of semilunar valves at end of systole

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15
Q

describe VSD

A

opening between the ventricles allowing blood to flow from LV to RV

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16
Q

what experiences hypertrophy with mitral stenosis

A

LA

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17
Q

diasoltic HF has what effect on EF

A

equal or above 50%

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18
Q

what side HF leads to RV hypertrophy

A

left side

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19
Q

Heart sound: closure of semilunar valves at end of systole

A

S2 sound

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20
Q

higher ventricular wall tension leads to what with HF

A

myocyte growth
hypertrophy

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21
Q

what happens to the LA pressure with aortic regurgitation

A

it increases

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22
Q

what are the 4 acyanotic defects

A

ASD
VSD
Coarctation of the aorta
PDA

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23
Q

describe LV contractility with aortic stenosis

A

it goes down

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24
Q

describe trucus arteriosus

A

aorta and PA are one vesel that recives blood from both sides of the heart

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25
Q

increases LA pressure with mitral stenosis has what affect on the LA

A

dilation leading to fibrilation and palpations

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26
Q

what is a normal EF

A

60-80%

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27
Q

what does the baroreceptor response do for HF

A

inc HR
inc contractility

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28
Q

what HF leads to pulmonary congestion

A

Left side

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29
Q

what are the cyanotic defects

A

tetralogy of fallot
transpotion of the great arteries
truncus arteriosus

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30
Q

restrictive cardiomyopathy is characterized by

A

a stiff fibrotic ventircles

31
Q

what is a common cause of systolic HF

A

MI

32
Q

why is there reduced contractility with systolid HF

A

loss of cardiomyocytes

33
Q

describe the alteration of chamber volume for all 3 cardiomyopathies

A

dilated - volume inc
hyper - vol dec (LV mainly)
restric - normal to dec

34
Q

inflammation of the pericardium

A

pericarditis

35
Q

S1 heart sounds

A

closure of AV valves at start of systole

36
Q

what are 4 characteristics of myocarditis

A

left ventricular dysfunction
edematous heart muscle
normal endocardial structures
dilation of all 4 chambers

37
Q

what does trucus arteriosus cause

A

inc pul blood flow
pul HTN and RV hypertophy

38
Q

Heart sound: closure of AV valves at start of systole

A

S1 sound

39
Q

what are sdome clinical manifestations of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

general
chest pain
jugular vein distension
edema
pulm congestion

40
Q

what doe sthe RAAS activation do for HF

A

retains fluid
inc preload

41
Q

secondary cardiomyopathy

A

known cause and usually seend in the context of disorders taht affect the heart and other organs

42
Q

what is the becks triad

A

3 classic signs with pericardial disease

43
Q

pericardial effusion

A

accumulation of non-inflammatory fluid in the pericardial cavity

44
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is due to what

A

autosomal dominant disorder (cardiac sarcomere protein mutatiosn0

45
Q

what is a clinical manifestation fo coarctation of the aorta

A

low pressure in the legs

46
Q

primary cardiomyopathy

A

confined to the myocardium

47
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

non-inflammatory disease of heart muscle

48
Q

what are some causes of primary cardiomyopathy

A

myocardial disorders - HTN, ischemic, congenital, valvular, pericardial, inflammatory

49
Q

what does PDA cause

A

inc pul blood flow
inc pul venous return to LA and LV - inc workload
pul HTN - right side HF

50
Q

what effect does pericardial effusion have on the heart

A

the fluid compresses the heart and it cannot expand to fill - lowers CO and highers HR

51
Q

what does ASD cause

A

RA and RV enlargement

52
Q

describe the alteration of myocardial contractility for all 3 cardiomyopathies

A

dilated - dec (LV)
hyper - normal
restric - none

53
Q

myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling results from

A

chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension

54
Q

decreased CO with HF leads to what

A

dec tissue perfusion

55
Q

accumulation of non-inflammatory fluid in the pericardial cavity

A

pericardial effusion

56
Q

what are some causes of secondary cardiomyopathy

A

inherited disorders
disease
toxin exposure
nutritional deficiencies
etc

57
Q

what are the 3 parts of becks triad

A

hypotension
distended neck veins
muffled heart sounds

58
Q

what are two main causes of diastolic HF

A

CAD and HTN

59
Q

heart murmurs causes

A

turbulent blood flow

60
Q

what is dilated cardiomyopathy most commonly due to

A

ischemic heart disease or valvular disease

61
Q

how is CO affected with aortic stenosis

A

its decreased

62
Q

How does aortic stenosis affect LV pressure

A

increases it (more effort to push blood through

63
Q

Stenosis

A

failure of the valve to open competely

64
Q

what does VSD cause

A

inc pulmonary flow
pulm HTN

65
Q

describe transpotion of the great arteries

A

aorta arises from RV
pulmonary artery arises from LV

66
Q

what can coarctation of the aorta lead to

A

LV HTN and hypertrophy

67
Q

what are the 3 kinds of cardiomyopathy

A

dilated
hypertrophic
restricitve

68
Q

what are the two most important risk fators for heart failures

A

HTN
ischemic heart disease

69
Q

describe PDA

A

ductus arteriosus doesnt close, allows blood to go from aorta to pulmonary artery

70
Q

systolic HF has what result on EF and CO

A

Ef under 40%
lower CO

71
Q

what is the RAAS used for

A

to increase BP

72
Q

what HF leads to systemic congestion

A

right side

73
Q

describe the eventual cardiovascular event for all 3 cardiomyopathies

A

dilated - left HF
hyper - left HF
restric - right heart failiure

74
Q

what are some clinical manifestions of myocarditis

A

pain/tightness in chest
dyspnea/fatigue with light exercise
palpitations/irregular heart rythym

PHS 3300 (11 decks)

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