Cardiac pt 3 Flashcards
describe the alteration of chamber compliance for all 3 cardiomyopathies
dilated - inc
hyper - dec (LV mainly)dec
restric - dec (LV mainly)
myocarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
describe ASD
opening between the atria allowing blood to flow from LA to RA
what is coarctation of the aorta
narrowing of the aorta
what are some commonly used criteria to diagnose HF
dyspnea
crackles
pulm edema
S3 sound
tachycardia
cardiomegaly
what are the 4 parts of tetralogy of fallot
large VSD
pul stenosis
overriding aorta
RV hypertrophy
what is the end stage result of cardiomyopathies
low ejection fraction
is stenosis quick or does it take time to develop
develops slowly over years
what is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Valve Insufficiency
inability of a valve to close completely
what are some clinical manifestations of cardiomyopathies
dyspnea
orthopnea
low exercise tolerance
fatique
weakness
arrhytmia
what is the ejection fraction
the percentage of blood ejected vs what was in the LV
s2 sounds
closure of semilunar valves at end of systole
describe VSD
opening between the ventricles allowing blood to flow from LV to RV
what experiences hypertrophy with mitral stenosis
LA
diasoltic HF has what effect on EF
equal or above 50%
what side HF leads to RV hypertrophy
left side
Heart sound: closure of semilunar valves at end of systole
S2 sound
higher ventricular wall tension leads to what with HF
myocyte growth
hypertrophy
what happens to the LA pressure with aortic regurgitation
it increases
what are the 4 acyanotic defects
ASD
VSD
Coarctation of the aorta
PDA
describe LV contractility with aortic stenosis
it goes down
describe trucus arteriosus
aorta and PA are one vesel that recives blood from both sides of the heart
increases LA pressure with mitral stenosis has what affect on the LA
dilation leading to fibrilation and palpations
what is a normal EF
60-80%
what does the baroreceptor response do for HF
inc HR
inc contractility
what HF leads to pulmonary congestion
Left side
what are the cyanotic defects
tetralogy of fallot
transpotion of the great arteries
truncus arteriosus
restrictive cardiomyopathy is characterized by
a stiff fibrotic ventircles
what is a common cause of systolic HF
MI
why is there reduced contractility with systolid HF
loss of cardiomyocytes
describe the alteration of chamber volume for all 3 cardiomyopathies
dilated - volume inc
hyper - vol dec (LV mainly)
restric - normal to dec
inflammation of the pericardium
pericarditis
S1 heart sounds
closure of AV valves at start of systole
what are 4 characteristics of myocarditis
left ventricular dysfunction
edematous heart muscle
normal endocardial structures
dilation of all 4 chambers
what does trucus arteriosus cause
inc pul blood flow
pul HTN and RV hypertophy
Heart sound: closure of AV valves at start of systole
S1 sound
what are sdome clinical manifestations of dilated cardiomyopathy
general
chest pain
jugular vein distension
edema
pulm congestion
what doe sthe RAAS activation do for HF
retains fluid
inc preload
secondary cardiomyopathy
known cause and usually seend in the context of disorders taht affect the heart and other organs
what is the becks triad
3 classic signs with pericardial disease
pericardial effusion
accumulation of non-inflammatory fluid in the pericardial cavity
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is due to what
autosomal dominant disorder (cardiac sarcomere protein mutatiosn0
what is a clinical manifestation fo coarctation of the aorta
low pressure in the legs
primary cardiomyopathy
confined to the myocardium
cardiomyopathy
non-inflammatory disease of heart muscle
what are some causes of primary cardiomyopathy
myocardial disorders - HTN, ischemic, congenital, valvular, pericardial, inflammatory
what does PDA cause
inc pul blood flow
inc pul venous return to LA and LV - inc workload
pul HTN - right side HF
what effect does pericardial effusion have on the heart
the fluid compresses the heart and it cannot expand to fill - lowers CO and highers HR
what does ASD cause
RA and RV enlargement
describe the alteration of myocardial contractility for all 3 cardiomyopathies
dilated - dec (LV)
hyper - normal
restric - none
myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling results from
chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension
decreased CO with HF leads to what
dec tissue perfusion
accumulation of non-inflammatory fluid in the pericardial cavity
pericardial effusion
what are some causes of secondary cardiomyopathy
inherited disorders
disease
toxin exposure
nutritional deficiencies
etc
what are the 3 parts of becks triad
hypotension
distended neck veins
muffled heart sounds
what are two main causes of diastolic HF
CAD and HTN
heart murmurs causes
turbulent blood flow
what is dilated cardiomyopathy most commonly due to
ischemic heart disease or valvular disease
how is CO affected with aortic stenosis
its decreased
How does aortic stenosis affect LV pressure
increases it (more effort to push blood through
Stenosis
failure of the valve to open competely
what does VSD cause
inc pulmonary flow
pulm HTN
describe transpotion of the great arteries
aorta arises from RV
pulmonary artery arises from LV
what can coarctation of the aorta lead to in the left ventricle
LV HTN and hypertrophy
what are the 3 kinds of cardiomyopathy
dilated
hypertrophic
restricitve
what are the two most important risk fators for heart failures
HTN
ischemic heart disease
describe PDA
ductus arteriosus doesnt close, allows blood to go from aorta to pulmonary artery
systolic HF has what result on EF and CO
Ef under 40%
lower CO
what is the RAAS used for
to increase BP
what HF leads to systemic congestion
right side
describe the eventual cardiovascular event for all 3 cardiomyopathies
dilated - left HF
hyper - left HF
restric - right heart failiure
what are some clinical manifestions of myocarditis
pain/tightness in chest
dyspnea/fatigue with light exercise
palpitations/irregular heart rythym
