Neuro pt 4

Question 1

what is hyderocephalus

Answer 1

excess CSF that accumulates in the skull

Question 2

what are the two kinds of hyderocephalus

Answer 2

non-communicating
communicating

Question 3

what is non-communicating hyderocephalus

Answer 3

flow of CSF through the ventricular system is blocked

Question 4

what is communicating hyderocephalus

Answer 4

impaired absorption of CSF

Question 5

what is the most common cause of hyderocephalus

Answer 5

developmental abnormalities:
spinal cord stenosis
atresia

Question 6

what is arnold-chiari malformation

Answer 6

lower part of the brain pushed down into the spinal canal

Question 7

what does non-communicating hydrocephalus usually result from

Answer 7

fetal developmental disorder

Question 8

what are the 3 most common types of spina bifida

Answer 8

spina bifida occulta
meningocele
myelomeningocele

Question 9

what occurs in spina bifida occulta

Answer 9

spinous processes do not fuse

Question 10

are there herniations of spinal cord and meninges with spina bifida occulta

Answer 10

nope

Question 11

what occurs in meningocele spina bifida

Answer 11

herniation of the meninges occurs through a defect NO NERVES

Question 12

what disorder forms a sac with CSF and meninges

Answer 12

meningocele

Question 13

what is the most serious form of spina bifida

Answer 13

myelomeningocele

Question 14

what occurs with myelomeningocele spina bifida

Answer 14

herniation of spinal cord and nerves, meninges and CSF

Question 15

what is cerebral palsy typically due to

Answer 15

brain damage in perinatal period

Question 16

what is cerebral palsy

Answer 16

group of disorders with some degree of motor impairment

Question 17

what is the first group of cerebral palsy

Answer 17

largest - includes those with spastic paralysis

Question 18

what is the second group of cerebral palsy

Answer 18

those with dyskinetic disease - usually from damage to basal nuclei or cranial nerves

Question 19

what is dyskinetic disease

Answer 19

uncontrolled involuntary movements

Question 20

what is the third group of cerebral palsy

Answer 20

includes those with ataxic cerebral palsy (balance and coordination trouble)

Question 21

what is the funciton of the growth cone

Answer 21

allows growing axons to reach specific destinations

Question 22

what percent does genetics play in autism

Answer 22

62

Question 23

what percent of genes that have to do with autism are de novo

Answer 23

9.5

Question 24

what are the 3 big categories of what gene mutations affect in ASD

Answer 24

chromatin remodeling
Protein synthesis
Synaptic functions

Question 25

chromatin remodeling ASD

Answer 25

mutations in genes encoding key regulators of chromatin remodeling and gene transcription

Question 26

Protein synthesis ASD

Answer 26

affects mRNA and changes the levels of activity driven synaptic proteins

Question 27

Synaptic functions ASD

Answer 27

many proteins encoded by ASD risk genses participate in different aspects of neuronal connectivity

ie fucking up the excitatory and inhibitory synapses

Question 28

mutations in what gene causes Rett syndrome

Answer 28

MeCP2

Question 29

true or false MeCP2 can be a repressor or an activator

Answer 29

true

Question 30

what is fragile X syndrome

Answer 30

a syndrome that causes delays with language, hyperactivity and autism like behaviours

Question 31

what are the symptoms of retts syndrome

Answer 31

normal development for 6-18 months and then a loss of learned language skills and purposeful hand movements

Question 32

what gene causes fragile X syndrome

Answer 32

FMR1 - on the X chromosome

Question 33

an unusual number of what were found in the FMR1 gene

Answer 33

CGG repeats

Question 34

what do synaptic cell adhesion molecules do

Answer 34

keep cells talking to each other can close by - stabilize the contacts and ensures recognition

Question 35

what gene accounts for about 1% of all ASD cases

Answer 35

16p11.2 deletion

Question 36

what does 16p11.2 deletion cause a delay in

Answer 36

motor delay and language delay