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PHS 3300 > Neuro pt 3 > Flashcards

Neuro pt 3 Flashcards

1
Q

ascending projections that stabilize neuronal responses release what?

A

biogenic amine neurotransmitters

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2
Q

what causes depression

A

insufficient release of amine NTs

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3
Q

what do antidepressants do

A

block norepinephrine and serotonin uptake at the limbic system

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4
Q

what causes schizophrenia

A

excess release of biogenic amines

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5
Q

what type of drugs are used to treat schizophrenia

A

neuroleptics
block dopamine and serotonin receptors

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6
Q

what can cause excessive dopamine secretions

A

genetic predisposition or brain damage in a fetus

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7
Q

what is the function of the limbic systme

A

control behavioural and emotional responses

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8
Q

where is the hippocampus

A

temporal lobes

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9
Q

what is the hippocampus responsible for

A

memory formation, spatial memory and navigation

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10
Q

what is the function of the amygdala

A

controls and regulates emotions and emotional responses

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11
Q

what is alzhemiers disease

A

a progressive cortical atrophy

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12
Q

what are two physiological traits of alzheimers

A

neurofibrillary tangles and plaques
deficits in ACh levels due to a loss of ACh neurons

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13
Q

what is an amyloid plaque

A

aggregates of misfolded proteins formed in neurons

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14
Q

what are neurofibrillary tangles

A

abnormal accumulation of Tau protein

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15
Q

aggregates of misfolded proteins formed in neurons

A

amyloid plaque

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16
Q

abnormal accumulation of Tau protein

A

neurofibrillary tangles

17
Q

what can be used to treat the symptoms of alzheimer’s disease

A

cholinesterase inhibitors - prevent degradation of synaptically released ACh

18
Q

what is the most common movement neurodegenerative disorder

A

parkinsons

19
Q

what is bradykinesia

A

slowness of movement

20
Q

when the cortex sends excitatory signals to the striatum, what happens?
(in the direct pathway)

A

the striatum sends inhibitory signals to the GPI

the GPI sends LESS inhibitory signals to the thalamus

the thalamus gets excited, and sends MORE excitatory signals to the cortex

repeats

21
Q

what does the direct pathway in the basal ganglia do

A

activates motor programs

22
Q

when the cortex sends excitatory signals to the striatum, what happens?
(in the indirect pathway)

A

the striatum sends inhibitory signals to the GPE

The GPE sends LESS inhibitory signals to the sub-thalamic nucleus

The sub-thalamic nucleus gets more excited and sends MORE excitatory signals to the GPI

the GPI sends MORE inhibitory signals to the thalamus

the thalamus gets less activated, and sends LESS excitatory signals to the cortex

repeats

23
Q

why does parkinsons occur

A

there is a loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra (the pars compacta) - cannot regulate the thalamus

24
Q

what are Lewy bodies and lewy neurites

A

misfolded proteins

25
Q

when would you find lewy bodies and neurites

A

in a patient with parkinsons

26
Q

what part of the body does ALS affect

A

motor neurons

27
Q

damage to upper motor neurons with ALS lead to waht

A

spastic paralysis
hyperflexia

28
Q

damage to lower motor neurons with ALS lead to waht

A

flaccid paralysis
decreased muscle tone and reflexes

29
Q

why does death occur with ALS

A

due to respiratory failure

30
Q

what is huntingtons disease characterized by

A

involuntary movements
(chorea)

31
Q

what is huntingtons caused by

A

expansion of a CAG tract in the coding region of the protein (a polyQ protein expansion)

32
Q

what part of the basal ganglia does huntingtons most affect

A

the striatum

33
Q

what causes is MS

A

progressive demyelination of neurons in the brain, spinal cord and cranial nerves

34
Q

when does onset of MS occur

A

20-40 years of age

35
Q

what is the hypothesis of the cause of MS

A

autoimmune origin

36
Q

what are some symptoms of MS

A

blurred vision
weakness in legs
dysarthria
progressive weakness/paralysis in upper limbs

PHS 3300 (19 decks)

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