Neuro pt 1 Flashcards
what is the most common and aggressive primary tumor of the adult brain
glioblastoma
who is western equine encephalitis more common in
young children
is encephalitis typically viral or bacterial
viral
what is severe headache from inc intracranial pressure due to
stretching of dura and walls of large BVs
who does st louis encephalitis affect more
elders
as ICP rises, does BP rise or dec
rises
where are cerebral aneurysms most common
points of bifurcation on the circle of willis
where are brain abcesses more commonly found
in the frontal or temporal lobes
In young adults what bacteria typically causes meningitis
n. meningitides
meningococcus
why is there a slow HR with inc intracranial pressure
due to baroreceptor response to inc BP
what is a transtentorial herniation
when the brain moves either up or down across the tentorium
when is western equine encephalitis more common
in the summer
what is an uncal herniation
when part of the temporal lobe moves downward into the tentorial notch
what is a brain abcess
localized infection
what is a closed head injury
brain tissue is damaged but skull is not fractured
what is a concussion
minimal brain trauma due to sudden excessive movement of the brain
how long does brain ischemia need to cause irreversible nerve cell damage
5 misn
what are the 3 types of strokes
ischemic
transient ischemic
hemorrhagic
what is a contrecoup brain injury
area of the brain contralateral to the site of direct damage
why is there a high BP inc intracranial pressure
to provide more blood to brain to relieve ischemia
what bacteria causes meningitis in young children
H. Influenzae
what is a cerebrovascular accident
an infarrction of brain tissue that results form lack of blood
what is a subarachnoid hemmorhage
hemmorhage between arachnoid and pia
what is the most common cause of brain damage
vascular disorders
what are two types of treatment for a cerebral aneurysm
clipping and typing off
reducing ICP to avoid rupture
where does a glioblastoma typically fomr
in the cerebral white matter
what causes west nile fever
flavivirus
what are the 2 parts of the cerebrum
basal ganglia
cerebral cortex
what is a contusion
bruising of brain tissue, ruputre of small BVs and edema
what are the 3 components of the brianstem
medulla
pons
midbrain
what caues ameobic meningoencephalitis
naegleria flowleri
abnormal CSF protein levels can indicate what
neoplasm
what types of tumors are common in young children
brainstem and cerebellar
what are some vital signs of inc intracranial pressure
cerebral ischemia
inc BP
slow HR
low resp rate
why is it so difficult to treat glioblastomas
resistant to radiation and chemo
hard to remove via surgery
typically too big by the time its diagnoses
what is the tentorium
dural fold that separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum forming a supratentorial and an infratentorial region
what is a subdural hematoma
blood fills space between dura and arachnoid
what is another name for a CVA
stroke
what is the function of cerebrospinal fluid
to provide a cushion for brain and spinal cord
what do transient ischemic attacks result from
temporary localized reduction of blood flow in the brain
name some early signs of inc intracranial pressure
dec LOC
dec pupil responses
headache
vomiting
papilledema
what is the largest category of primary malignant tumors
glioma
what are the most common brain tumours
astrocytoma
what causes lyme disease
borrelia burgdorferi
what is papilledema from inc intracranial pressure due to
swelling of the optic disc
what can compensate for blockage of the internal carotid artery
arterial circuit from the circle of willis
what are some symptoms of meningitis
headache
back pain
phtophobia
kernig and brudzinski’s sign
what is vomiting from inc intracranial pressure due to
pressure stimulating the emetic center in the medulla
what bacteria causes menigitis most in neonates
e coli
what is an open head injury
involves fractures or penetration into the brain
what causes herpes simplex encephlaitis
herpes simplex 1
what is a deppressed skull fracture
displacement of a piece of bone below the level of the skull
why is there a low resp rate with inc intracranial pressure
due to chemoreceptor responses to low CO2 levels
what is encephalitis
infection of the parenchymal or CT in the brain and spinal cord –> necrosis and inflammation
what is an epidural hematoma
blood fills space between dura and bone
what are the 2 parts of the diencephalon
thalamus
hypothalamus
what colour is the CSF is theres an infection
yellowish due to WBCs
what bacteria typically causes meningitis in older adults
streptococcus pneumoniae
