Cardiac pt 1 Flashcards
steal - obstruction
blood choose path of least resistance even if there is room to flow on the other direction
deep vein thrombosis is due to what
thrombus in a deep vein of a lower extremity
how do you treat DVT
anticoagulation therapy
varicose veins are one step in :
chronic venous insufficiency
what 3 things characterize pregnancy-induced hypertension
high BP
protein in urine
edema
what is edema
swelling due to too much fluid build up
dissecting aneurysm
tear in the intima and media
what are the two causes of secondary lymphedema
infection by filarial worm
latrogenic
what is the primary factor influenced SBP
Stroke volume
a partial occlusion due to atherosclerosis in the heart can cause what
angina pectoris
(ischemic heart disease)
where are aneurysms most frequently found
cerebral circulation
thoracic/abdominal aorta
what is isolated systolic hypertension
High systolic (140+)
normal diastolic (90-)
relationship between nephron numbers and HTN
lower nephron number contributes to HTN
impaired lymph flow that builds up the fluid in extremities
lymphedema
what are incompetent valves caused by
overstretching the valves due to high venous pressures
what is the name for the severe form of PIH that develops near the end of pregnancy
eclampsia
embolus
clot broken off and moving around
what do the kidneys release to decrease blood pressure
renin
what kind of HTN is knownn as the silent killer
primary
what is lymphedema
impaired lymph flow that builds up the fluid in extremities
what are the 4 kinds of aneuryms
true: fusiform
true: saccular
false
dissecting
a partial occlusion due to atherosclerosis in the brain can cause what
transient ischemic attack
what is isolated diastolic hypertension
normal systolic
high diastolic
saccular aneurysm
bulge or balloon on one side of the BV
what causes varicos veins
impaired venous return
wha aneurysm: Injury to the BV allows blood to pass through all 3 tunicas
false
what increases the risk of developing a thrombus
anything that slows down your blood flow
inflammation of the BV walls
vasculitits
what can a thrombus cause in the arterial system
acute arterial occlusion
(partial or complete blockage of blood flow in an artery)
what aneurysm:
tunica balloons out on both sides of the BV
fusiform
what is primary lympehdema caused by
congenital anomaly
lymph sys dysfunction
blood choose path of least resistance even if there is room to flow on the other direction
steal
a total occlusion due to atherosclerosis in the heart can cause what
myocardial infarction
a partial occlusion due to atherosclerosis in the PA can cause what
aneurism if it gets to the heart
thrombulus
stationary clot
a tumor or anything pushing down on the BV
compression
what artery does an embolus from the LV go to next? what can it cause
cerebral artery
ischemic stroke
what are some risk factors for incompetent valves
obesity
pregnancy
lots of standing
what is an aneurysm
weakened and dilated arterial wall
a partial occlusion due to atherosclerosis in the legs can cause what
peripheral vascular disease
gangrene
amputation
false aneurysm:
Injury to the BV allows blood to pass through all 3 tunicas
what is the most commonly affected vein for varicose veins
greater saphenous
what type of hypertension is developed over time
primary
what aneurysm: tear in the intima and media
dissecting
what do aortic aneurysms cause
severe pain
hypotension
atheroma
plaque that forms inside arteries
what is more serious: hypertensive emergency or urgency
emergency
fusiform aneurysm
tunica balloons out on both sides of the BV
what does atherosclerosis do
narrows the lumina and decreases their ability to dilate
arteriosclerosis
hardening or thickening of arterial wall
hypercoaguable conditions are a big risk factor for:
thrombus development
what are some risk factors for aneurysm formation
HTN
atherosclerosis
atherosclerosis
type of arteriosclerosis
proliferation of SM cells and lipid collection in arterial walls
(aka narrowing of large arteries)
what is pressure natiuresis
increase in Na excretion when renal perfusion pressure increases
what is latrogenic lymphedyma
removal of lymph node or destruction of lymph vessel due to radiation
where does an embolus from the RV go? what can it cause
lungs
pulmonary embolism
vasospasm
BV walls contract and block blood flow
a total occlusion due to atherosclerosis in the brain can cause what
cerebrovascular accident
vasculitis
inflammation of the BV walls
compression
a tumor or anything pushing down on the BV
what kind of hypertension is more severe and comes quicker
secondary
where do most emboluses originate
deep veins of the pelvis and lower extremities
plaque that forms inside arteries
atheroma
what aneurysm:
bulge or balloon on one side of the BV
saccular
what type of hypertension can be attributed to a specific identifiable condition
secondary
name some risk factors for thrombus development
trauma
pump failure
dsrhythmias
drugs
HYPERCOAGUABLE CONDITIONS
what is the major determinant of DBP
systemic vascular resistance
what is the difference between hypertensive emergencies and urgencies
emergency: evidence of end-organ damage
urgency: no evidence of such
clot broken off and moving around
embolus
what type of veins does chronic venous insufficiency involve
deep veins
