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PHS 3300 > Cardiac pt 1 > Flashcards

Cardiac pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

steal - obstruction

A

blood choose path of least resistance even if there is room to flow on the other direction

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2
Q

deep vein thrombosis is due to what

A

thrombus in a deep vein of a lower extremity

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3
Q

how do you treat DVT

A

anticoagulation therapy

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4
Q

varicose veins are one step in :

A

chronic venous insufficiency

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5
Q

what 3 things characterize pregnancy-induced hypertension

A

high BP
protein in urine
edema

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6
Q

what is edema

A

swelling due to too much fluid build up

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7
Q

dissecting aneurysm

A

tear in the intima and media

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8
Q

what are the two causes of secondary lymphedema

A

infection by filarial worm
latrogenic

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9
Q

what is the primary factor influenced SBP

A

Stroke volume

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10
Q

a partial occlusion due to atherosclerosis in the heart can cause what

A

angina pectoris
(ischemic heart disease)

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11
Q

where are aneurysms most frequently found

A

cerebral circulation
thoracic/abdominal aorta

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12
Q

what is isolated systolic hypertension

A

High systolic (140+)
normal diastolic (90-)

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13
Q

relationship between nephron numbers and HTN

A

lower nephron number contributes to HTN

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14
Q

impaired lymph flow that builds up the fluid in extremities

A

lymphedema

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15
Q

what are incompetent valves caused by

A

overstretching the valves due to high venous pressures

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16
Q

what is the name for the severe form of PIH that develops near the end of pregnancy

A

eclampsia

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17
Q

embolus

A

clot broken off and moving around

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18
Q

what do the kidneys release to decrease blood pressure

A

renin

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19
Q

what kind of HTN is knownn as the silent killer

A

primary

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20
Q

what is lymphedema

A

impaired lymph flow that builds up the fluid in extremities

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21
Q

what are the 4 kinds of aneuryms

A

true: fusiform
true: saccular
false
dissecting

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22
Q

a partial occlusion due to atherosclerosis in the brain can cause what

A

transient ischemic attack

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23
Q

what is isolated diastolic hypertension

A

normal systolic
high diastolic

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24
Q

saccular aneurysm

A

bulge or balloon on one side of the BV

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25
Q

what causes varicos veins

A

impaired venous return

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26
Q

wha aneurysm: Injury to the BV allows blood to pass through all 3 tunicas

A

false

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27
Q

what increases the risk of developing a thrombus

A

anything that slows down your blood flow

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28
Q

inflammation of the BV walls

A

vasculitits

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29
Q

what can a thrombus cause in the arterial system

A

acute arterial occlusion
(partial or complete blockage of blood flow in an artery)

30
Q

what aneurysm:
tunica balloons out on both sides of the BV

A

fusiform

31
Q

what is primary lympehdema caused by

A

congenital anomaly
lymph sys dysfunction

32
Q

blood choose path of least resistance even if there is room to flow on the other direction

A

steal

33
Q

a total occlusion due to atherosclerosis in the heart can cause what

A

myocardial infarction

34
Q

a partial occlusion due to atherosclerosis in the PA can cause what

A

aneurism if it gets to the heart

35
Q

thrombulus

A

stationary clot

36
Q

a tumor or anything pushing down on the BV

A

compression

37
Q

what artery does an embolus from the LV go to next? what can it cause

A

cerebral artery
ischemic stroke

38
Q

what are some risk factors for incompetent valves

A

obesity
pregnancy
lots of standing

39
Q

what is an aneurysm

A

weakened and dilated arterial wall

40
Q

a partial occlusion due to atherosclerosis in the legs can cause what

A

peripheral vascular disease
gangrene
amputation

41
Q

false aneurysm:

A

Injury to the BV allows blood to pass through all 3 tunicas

42
Q

what is the most commonly affected vein for varicose veins

A

greater saphenous

43
Q

what type of hypertension is developed over time

A

primary

44
Q

what aneurysm: tear in the intima and media

A

dissecting

45
Q

what do aortic aneurysms cause

A

severe pain
hypotension

46
Q

atheroma

A

plaque that forms inside arteries

47
Q

what is more serious: hypertensive emergency or urgency

A

emergency

48
Q

fusiform aneurysm

A

tunica balloons out on both sides of the BV

49
Q

what does atherosclerosis do

A

narrows the lumina and decreases their ability to dilate

50
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening or thickening of arterial wall

51
Q

hypercoaguable conditions are a big risk factor for:

A

thrombus development

52
Q

what are some risk factors for aneurysm formation

A

HTN
atherosclerosis

53
Q

atherosclerosis

A

type of arteriosclerosis
proliferation of SM cells and lipid collection in arterial walls
(aka narrowing of large arteries)

54
Q

what is pressure natiuresis

A

increase in Na excretion when renal perfusion pressure increases

55
Q

what is latrogenic lymphedyma

A

removal of lymph node or destruction of lymph vessel due to radiation

56
Q

where does an embolus from the RV go? what can it cause

A

lungs
pulmonary embolism

57
Q

vasospasm

A

BV walls contract and block blood flow

58
Q

a total occlusion due to atherosclerosis in the brain can cause what

A

cerebrovascular accident

59
Q

vasculitis

A

inflammation of the BV walls

60
Q

compression

A

a tumor or anything pushing down on the BV

61
Q

what kind of hypertension is more severe and comes quicker

A

secondary

62
Q

where do most emboluses originate

A

deep veins of the pelvis and lower extremities

63
Q

plaque that forms inside arteries

A

atheroma

64
Q

what aneurysm:
bulge or balloon on one side of the BV

A

saccular

65
Q

what type of hypertension can be attributed to a specific identifiable condition

A

secondary

66
Q

name some risk factors for thrombus development

A

trauma
pump failure
dsrhythmias
drugs
HYPERCOAGUABLE CONDITIONS

67
Q

what is the major determinant of DBP

A

systemic vascular resistance

68
Q

what is the difference between hypertensive emergencies and urgencies

A

emergency: evidence of end-organ damage
urgency: no evidence of such

69
Q

clot broken off and moving around

A

embolus

70
Q

what type of veins does chronic venous insufficiency involve

A

deep veins

PHS 3300 (14 decks)

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