Respiratory Pathology II Flashcards
What is the problem with oedema in the lungs
- Reduces compliance, blocks gas exchange, interferes with surfactant function
- Normally prevented by multiple mechanisms
What does oedema in the lungs look like grossly?
- Wet, Heavy, Incompletely collapsed- oozes fluid when cut
Where is lung oedema prominent?
Prominent in the pleura and interstitium, increased foam in the trachea, may exude from nostrils
What does lung oedema look like histologically?
faintly eosinophillic homogenous fluid, air bubbles but they may be hard to see if protein is low
What are the vague clinical signs of Pulmonary Thromboembolism?
Ranges from lethargy to sudden death
What do in-situ thrombi usually look like?
- Microscopic and dissolve quickly after death
What effects the significance of lung emboli?
- Extent of vessel obstruction
- Rate of development
- presence/ absence of sepsis
Why is lung infarction usually uncommon?
Uncommon due to the dual blood supply, when it occurs it is usually at the periphery and looks like infarcts everywhere else
What does sublethal ischemia cause?
alveolar damage, lethal causes coagulative necrosis
What may a septic emboli cause?
acute oedema or interstitial disease
Where do fat embolis result from?
result from hepatic lipidosis, bone fractures or subcut fat necrosis in diabetes or pancreatitis
What does a pulmonary haemorrhage look like?
Multifocal to patchy
* abscesses may erode into vessels and cause massive haemorrhage
* liver abscesses erode into the vena cava, embolise to the lung
What does EIPH cause?
widespread haemorrhage and oedema
What causes pulmonary venous hypertension?
- Left heart failure
- Arterial hypertension
What causes Uraemic pneumoapthy in dogs?
- Acute or Chronic Renal Failure
- Vitamin D toxicity
- hyperadrenocorticism
What is chronic bronchitis often common in?
In older small and medium breeds
What does chronic bronchitis look like grossly?
- Excess mucus or mucopurulent exudate in the trachea or bronchi
- mucousal oedema and mixed inflammation
What is Eosinophillic bronchopneumopathy?
- Uncommon Steroid-Response disease of young dogs
- Causes gagging, dyspnoea, nasal discharge, variable eosinophillia
What is bronchiectasis?
- Permanent dilation of bronchi due to chronic obstruction and infection
- Bronchi are unable to clear exudates and cant function
What is Primary cillia dyskinesia?
Diverse array of problems involving cillia throughout the body and sperm
may also have Kartagener’s syndrome (cillia dont function)
What is aspiration pneumonia?
Inhalation of any foreign material- usually fluid
In what animal species is Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome common in?
Foals, due to herpesvirus septicaemia and meconium aspiration
What is lipid pneumonia?
Aspiration of oil droplets
What is pneumoconiosis?
Lung disease due to inhalation of inorganic dusts
* Persists in macrophages which trigger fibrosis and granulomatous inflammation
