Mycoplasma Flashcards
What does mycoplasma tend to cause?
respiratory diseases
What are the four main types of pneumonia?
- Bronchial
- interstitial
- granulomatous
- embolic
What are the two main classes?
- mycoplasma
- ureaplasma
Main points surrounding the structure of mycoplasma?
- Very simple
- double stranded circular DNA
- No cell wall
- Plasma membrane that is key in antibiitic resistance and has variable surface antigens
Why do mycoplasma need to spread through aerosols?
they do not last a long time in the environment unless they have a biofilm
spread by mucousal commensals or aerososl
What are the 6 main lesions you see in mycoplasma?
- conjunctivitis
- arthritis
- endometritis
- otitis
- sinusitis
- mastitis
What are the two main mycoplasma in cows?
- Mycoplasma bovis- causes enzoonotic pneumonia
- mycoplasma mycoides- bovine contagious pleuropneumonia (herpes virus)
In what cows does high mortality of bovis occur?
bison
What is the main pathogenesis of mycoplasma?
- They attach to cillia in order to become cillia
- This reduces cillia function
- ROS is then produced
- This causes tissue damage
- Immune system is triggered
What are the clinical signs of pulomary mycoplasma?
- Dyspnoea
- Mucus secretion
- Abnormal posture
What are the clinical signs of arthritic mycoplasma?
Lameness
What are the clinical signs of otitis mycoplasma?
- Circling
- abnormal head posture
What bacteria is usually a differential for mycoplasma?
Pasteurella
(shipping fever)
What does mycoplasma mycoides cause?
Bovine contagious pleuropneumonia
Where is mycoplasma mycoides endemic?
It is endemic in africa due to low vaccination campaigns
What three mycoplasmas occur in sheep?
- Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
- Mycoplasma conjunctivae
- Mycoplasma agalactiae
What does mycoplasma ovipneumoniae look like?
- Suppurative bronchopneumonia
- Bronchiectasis
What does mycoplasma capricolum cause in goats?
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
What are the clinical signs of mycoplasma agalactiae?
- Septicaemia localised in the mammary gland
- Animals are more susceptible if lactating
What two mycoplasmas occur in pigs?
- Mycoplasma hypopneumoniae
- Mycoplasma hyorinis
What mycoplasma occurs in horses?
Mycoplasma equirhinis
What two mycoplasmas occur in dogs?
- Mycoplasma cynos
- Mycoplasma haemocanis
What two mycoplasmas occur in cats?
- Mycoplasma felis
- Mycoplasma haemofelis
What are the two types of ‘soft skin’ mycoplasma?
- Mycoplasma
- Ureaplasma
What type of parsite is mycoplasma?
Extracellular parasite
What is the pathogenesis of mycoplasma?
- Attaches to the host cell
- Prevents mucocilliary clearnce
- Produces ROS and Toxins- tissue damage
- Triggers the immune system (chemokines/ cytokines)
- Invades other tissues
- Causes an autoimmune reaction
What is the issue with bacteriology?
- Slow growing
- Difficult to culture
What are the four ways you could diagnose mycoplasma?
- Bacteriology
- IHC
- PCR
- Serology
What are the three clinical signs of m.bovis suppurative bronchopneumonia?
- Caseous necrosis
- Bronchiectasis
- Abscess formation
What are the 5 differentials for m.bovis?
- Mannheimia haemolytica
- Biberstinia trelahosi
- Pasteurella Multocida
- Histophilus somni
- Aspiration pneumonia
What is mycoplasma ovipneumoniae also known as?
Big horn sheep pneumonia
What is mycoplasma capricolum also known as?
Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
What does contagious capricolum look like grossly?
- Fibrous pleupneumonia
- Polyarthritis
- Bronchiectasis
What does mycoplasma agalactiae look like grossly?
- Lymphohistiocytic interstitial mastitis
- Lymphoid follicles
- Severe fibrosis
What does mycoplasma conjunctivcae go on to cause?
Infectious keratoconjunctivitis
What does Mycoplasma hyopneumonia look like grossly?
Firm, Rubbery, Pale to Red-Tan
Bronchiectasis
What does mycoplasma cynos look like grossly?
- Lung lobes are grey/ plum coloured
- Perivascular and peribronchiolar lymphohistiocytic infiltrates
- Sloughing of epithelial cells into the airway lumina
What does mycoplasma cynos cause in puppies?
lethal bronchopneumonia
