Pasteurella Flashcards
What kind of pathogens are pasteurellaceacae?
- opportunistic pathogens
- contain many different organism
- normal inhabutants of the URT and GIT
- 31 genera in the family
- oxidase posituve
- faculative anaerobe
- cocci shaped
- no flagella
How would you culture them?
- Blood agar
- cultured at 37 degrees
- anaerobically for 24-48 hours
- some can lyse red blood cells
What are the main manifestations of disease?
- Respiratory tract (URT/ pneumonia)
- Septicaemia
- Trauma-associated conditions (mouth microorganisms are incoulated by bites, rough feed or via licking of surgical wounds)
What toxins are produced by pasteurella?
- RTX toxins-group of virulence factors
- Urease
- Pmt P
What is bovine respiratory disease also known as?
cattle pneumonia/ shipping fever
What is the pathobiology of BRD?
pathogenesis involves stress factors, with or without viral infection- interacting to supress host defence mechanisms
What is the challenge of detecting BRD?
- limited sensitivity and appearance
Who does atrophic rhinitis mainly affect?
Mainly affects piglets at 3-8 weeks of age
What are the two types of atrophic rhinitis?
- Non-progressive atrophic rhinitis- caused by bordatella bronchioseptica
(mild and transient with little effect on growth and performance) - progressive atrophic rhinitis- caused by toxigenic pasteurella multocida
What are the clinical signs of atrophic rhinitis?
- Poor growth
- Sneezing, coughing inflammation of the lacrimal duct
- nasal haemorrhage
- lateral deviation or shortening of the upper jaw
How does rabbit pasteurelliosis spread in companion animals
mating, fighting, stress in the animal (pregnancy, lactation, poor husbandry)
Where does pasteurelliosis live in comopanion animals?
- lives asymptomatically in the mouth
- may cause an often fatal pneumonia
What are the symptoms of pasteurelliosis in guinea-pigs?
- Direct contact, grooming, aerosol, possible insect bites
- many are asymptomatic carriers
- can present with fever, weight loss, conjunctivitis and pneumonia
What is the function of adhesins on pasteurella?
- colonise the host
- are then turned off when they are inside the host
What is the function of RTX toxins?
- lyse bovine erythrocytes
- activate leukocytes
What is the function of PMT
mainly damage in rhinitis
Why may BRD not be detected in cattle?
The observed clinical signs are not specific for BRD
What causes wry neck in rabbits?
Middle or inner ear infection
Where does pasteurelliosis live in dogs/ cats?
Lives asymptomatically in the mouth
What does pasteutelliosis cause in dogs/ cats?
May cause a pneumonia that is often fatal
- can be spread via bite wounds or aerosols
How can guinea-pigs get pasteurelliosis?
Direct contact, Grooming, aersols or insect bites
What may a guinea pig with pasteurelliosis present with?
- Fever, weight loss, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, pyometra
What gives immunity against septicaemia and fowl cholera?
Circulating antibodies
What is the best way to control pasteurella
- Regular testing
- Good environmental conditions
What is the best supportive treatment for pasteurelliosis?
The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
What does PMT stand for?
P.Multocida Toxin
causes a lot of the damage in atrophic rhinitis
What is the function of urease?
Converts urea into ammonia
* attracts phagocytes and then inhibits them
What stressors may cause transmission of P.multocida?
- Overcrowding
- Temperature
- Poor Nutrition
Name 4 ways of treating patseurella
Not NSAIDS
- Separate infected animals
- Treat concurrent infection
- Improve environmental conditions
- Antibiotics
What causes avian cholera?
P.multocida
What clinical signs would you see with Infectious Coryza
Avibacterium paragallinarum?
- Decreased activity
- Nasal discharge
- Sneezing
- Facial Swelling
How would you diagnose pasteurella in guinea-pigs?
Culture or PCR
What are some ways of diagnosing pasteurella?
- PCR
- LAMP assay
- Serology
- Culture
- Biochemical testing
