Respiratory Parasites II Flashcards
What is the definitive host of aelurostrongylus abstrusus
Cat
What is the intermediate host of aelurostrongylus abstrusus?
Many species of slug, snail
What is the pathogenesis of aelurostrongylus abstrusus?
- On ingestion L3’s penetrate the gut
- Adults sit in alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles
- PPP 7-9 weeks
- Patent infections last for 4 months, but some worms can persist for years
- Often asymptomatic, can be coughing dyspnoea, nasal discharge
- Diagnosed by the presence of L1 in the faeces
What is the morphology of metastrongylus apri?
- Adult worms are large, slender and white
- Males =2.5cm, Females = 6cm
- larvated eggs are found in the faeces
What is the morphology of metastrongylus apri?
- The adult worms are large, slender and white
- Males = 2.5cm, Females = 6cm
- larvated eggs in the faeces
What are the clinical signs of metastrongylus apri?
- Heavy infections in young animals -> dyspnoea, nasal discharge
- Adult worms -> Bronchiolitis, bronchitis
- may be due to a secondary bacterial infection e.g staphylococcal
- Parasite may transmit porcine viruses
What is syngamus trachea also known as?
Gape worm
What is the oestrus ovis?
- Sheep nasal bot
- larvae in nasal passages
- light infection- nasal discharge and sneezing
- Heavy infection - unthriftiness and lack of coordination
What is echinococcus?
- Cestode
- Has worldwide distribution
What is the lifecycle of E. Multilocularis?
- Maintained in wildlife
- Final hosts- wild canids
- Intermediate hosts- rodents such as voles, muskrats, lemmings
*
What is the epidemiology of E.multiolocularis?
- Human infection mainly in trappers and their families
- Eating vegetables or fruit contaminated with the faeces
What does E. granulosus disease look like in humans?
- Hydatid disease or cystic echinococcus
- Commonly affects liver and lungs
- 5-15 years incubation
- Single cyst grows larger over time, increased pressure in area of the cyst
What is the global prevalence of aelurostrongylus abstrusus?
Above a 5% prevalence
How does metastrongylus apri differ from other metastrongyles?
Has an earthworm as its intermediate host
What age of pigs is metastrongylus apri most present in?
aged 4-7 months
In what kind of system is metastrongylus apri not present in?
an indoor system with concrete floors
How may you diagnose metastrongylus apri?
faecal examination
What is gape worm?
An adult worm found in the trachea of chickens, turkeys and gamebirds
What are the main clinical signs of gape worm?
- Respiratory distress
- Suffocation
- head shaking
- coughing
- choking
How may you prevent syngamus trachea?
- Worming strategy
- Rotational grazing
- avoid areas with wild pheasants
What anthelmintic is used for syngamus trachea?
Flubendazole
What causes oestrus ovis in sheep?
sheep nasal bots
What are the clinical signs of oestrus ovis?
- Light infections cause nasal discharge and sneezing
- Heavier infections cause unthriftiness and lack of coordination
What are the two main types of echinococcus?
- Echinococcus granulosus
- E. multilocularis
What is the final host of E. Multilocularis?
wild canids, e.g foxes, coyotes, wolves, raccoons, dogs
What are the intermediate hosts of E.multilocularis?
rodents such as voles, muskrats, lemmings and insectivores
What is the main epidemiology of E.multilocularis?
- Can become infected via eating vegetables or fruit contaminated with fox faeces
What countries is E.multilocularis endemic in?
Not the UK but it is found in many countries in continental europe
What are the clinical signs of E.granulosus disease in the intermediate host?
hydatid cyst in the liver and lungs
overall decrease in productivity
What are the clinical signs of E. multilocularis disease in the intermediate host?
- multilocular cyst in the liver with diffuse growth
- Growth is invasive- spreads locally and systemically
What does E. granulosus disease in humans look like?
Commonly affects the liver and lungs
5-15 years incubation
singular cyst may grow larger over time- causes increased pressure in the area of the cyst
if the cyst bursts it can cause an allergic reaction -> anaphylactic shock
What does E. multilocularis disease look like in humans?
The cysts slowly resemble a malignant growth in the liver
* the parasite destroys liver parenchyma, bile ducts and blood vessels
* Cysts metastasize via the blood stream to the lungs and brain
How could you diagnose/ treat in the dog definitive host?
- Copro-antigen ELISA and Copro-PCR
- observation of the adult worms on necroscopy
- Treating with praziquantel
How may you control echinococcus multilocaris?
- regular treatment of dogs with praziquantel in endemic areas
- Meat inspection in abattoirs
- prevention of access to offal/ carcasses
- treatment of intermediate hosts
What may occur if the E.granulosus hydadtid cyst bursts?
Allergic reaction/ Anaphylactic shock
What does the E.granulosus hydadtid cyst look like?
Singular cyst that grows larger over time, there will be increased pressure in the area of the cyst
commonly affects the liver and the lungs
What do E.multilocularis disease cysts look like in humans?
- They slowly resemble a malignant growth in the liver
- Cysts then metastasize vai the blood stream to the lungs and the brain
