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VMS 2004 > Cardiovascular Pathology V > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Pathology V Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Vasculitis?

A

Inflammatory cells within and around the wall of vessels with concurrent damage to the wall

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2
Q

What is arteritis?

A

Inflammation of the lining of the arteries

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3
Q

What is phlebitis?

A

Inflammation of the vessels (specifically veins)

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4
Q

What is EAV (Equine arteritis virus) ?

A
  • Arteritis (inflammation of the arteries)
  • It targets endothelial vessels
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5
Q

Give an example of an orbivirus vasculitide

A
  • Bluetongue in sheep
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6
Q

Give two examples of viral vasculitides (swine haemorrhagic)

A
  • African Swine fever- replicates in monocyte lineage
  • Classical swine fever- affects leukocytes, endothelium and epithelium
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7
Q

What is heartwater? (cowdriosis)

A

Bacterial vasculitis commonly caused by ricketssia

causes by Ehrlichia ruminantium of the ricketssia family

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8
Q

What is the gross pathology of cowdriosis?

A
  • Hydropericardium and hydrothorax
  • Splenomegaly
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9
Q

What is Rocky Mountain Spotted fever?

A

a type of rickettsia
* bacterial vasculitis

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10
Q

What is the gross pathology of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A
  • Oedema of the ears and muzzle
  • Petechiation of the skin
  • lymphadenomegaly with haeorrhage
  • haemorrhage of the skin
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11
Q

What type of infectious vasculitis is mycotic abomasitis?

A

Fungal

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12
Q

What is the pathogenesis of mycotic abomasitis

A

Loss of mucousal integrity causes fungal invasion and therefore venous infarction

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13
Q

What two things can cause verminous vasculitis?

A

Dirofilaria immitis and Angiostrongylus vasorum
(heartworm and French heartworm)

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14
Q

What is the intermediate host of A.vasorum?

A

Slugs and snails (gastropods)

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15
Q

What is the pathogenesis of verminous vasculitis?

A
  • Infection with larvae
  • replication and maturation of nematodes within the pulmonary arteries
  • increases the afterload (resistance the heart must pump against)
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16
Q

What kind of vessels does FIP affect?

A
  • Phlebitis occurs as a result of complex deposition
  • therefore it affects the veins
17
Q

What is the basic structure of lymphatics?

A
  • they lack a basal lamina
  • large lymphatics are similiar to veins
  • they transport lymph
18
Q

What causes lymphoedema?

A
  • Defective transport of lymph
  • abnormal vessel development, damage or blockage of vessels
19
Q

What is the definition of intestinal lymphangiectasia?

A

Dilation of lymphatics

20
Q

What are the clinical signs of Intestinal Lymphangiectasia

A
  • Diarrhoea
  • Wasting
  • Ascites
21
Q

What causes epizootic lymphangitis?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum (fungi)

22
Q

What animal species are most affected by epizootic lympangitis?

A

Horses and Mules

23
Q

What is the definition of chylothorax?

A
  • Leakage or rupture of the thoracic duct
  • can be associated with trauma, neoplasia, fungal infections…
24
Q

What is lymphangitis?

A

Inflammation affecting lymphatics

25
Q

What is the gross pathology of equine Arterivirus?

A
  • Oedema
  • Congestion
  • Haemorrhages
  • Abortions
26
Q

What is the effect of Orbiviruses on vessels?

A
  • Cardiac and Pulmonary presentation
  • Alveolar oedema and haemorrhage is the most present
27
Q

What is the gross pathology of ricketssia?

A
  • Hydropericardium, Hydrothorax
  • Splenomegaly
28
Q

What is the gross pathology of mycotic abomasitis?

A
  • Multifocal ulcers with necrosis
  • Can spread to the liver
29
Q

What is it called when dirofilaria worms occlude the vena cava?

A

‘caval syndrome’

30
Q

What is the basic structure of a lymphatic?

A
  • Lack a basal lamina
  • large lymphatics are similiar to veins
  • Transport lymph and immune cells
31
Q

What is intestinal lymphangiectasia?

A
  • Dilation of the lymphatics
  • Impairs protein absorption in the intestinal tract -> protein losing enteropathy
32
Q

What is the pathogenesis of epizootic lymphangitis?

Histoplasma capsulatum

A
  • Soil saphrophyte -> enters via skin wounds
  • inhalation -> enters mucous membranes
  • spreads via lymphatics
33
Q

What is the gross appearance of chylothorax?

A
  • Opaque, thin , white fluid with lipid droplets fills the thorax
34
Q

How would you treat chylothorax?

A

Ligation of the thoracic duct

35
Q

What is the only lymphatic neoplasm?

A

lymphangiosarcoma

36
Q

What are the three steps to immune-mediated vascular disease?

A
  • Complexes form
  • Complexes lodge in the vessels
  • Complexes activate the complement system
  • acute inflammatory response
  • can result in occlusion of the vessel
37
Q

What is Lymphangiectasia?

A

Superficial lymphatic drainage caused by scarring

38
Q
A

VMS 2004 (34 decks)

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