Inflammatory airway diseases Flashcards
What is the definition of Inflammatory airway disease?
Inflammation of the airway other than in response to infectious or parasitic agents
-Most likely an allergic response, the pathogenesis is not always well defined
What causes mild Inflammatory Airway disease?
- Stabled horses are at higher risk
- dust aerosolised particles, organic and inorganic particles
What causes Recurrent airway obstruction?
also known as severe
Aerosolised allergens and endotoxins from hay and bedding
What cytokines are increased during inflammatory airway disease?
- TNF-alpha
- IL-1B
- IFN-gamma
- Th-2 and non T2 responses may also contribute
What two things can you do to test for cells in the airway?
- Bronchoalveolar lavage
- Tracheal Wash
Tracheal wash is slightly less invasive than Bronchoalveolar lavage
What are the clinical signs of equine asthma syndrome?
- Flared nostrils or wheezing
- Heaves lines due to abdominal muscle hypertrophy
- Chronic cough
- Nasal discharge
What does equine asthma syndrome look like histologically?
Mucus and neutrophils in the sloughed epithelium of the lumen
Thickening of the bronchioalveolar walls
lesions in small bronchioles but not alveoli
some may also have eosinophils
How does a bronchoalveolar lavage work?
Insert a long tube or endoscope into the trachea until it stops in the small airway (minimum tube length of 2m)
Infuse 250ml of saline
immediate suction
What causes inflammatory airway disease in felines?
- Aeroallergen induced stimulation of T-helper 2 response
- increased cytokines
- airway inflammation
- airway hyperresponsiveness
- airflow limitation
- long term changes
What are the clinical changes in Feline inflammatory airway disease?
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Usually Secondary to previous airway insult
- Long term changes permanent damage to the airways
What causes severe inflammatory airway disease in horses?
- Aerosolised allergens and endotoxins
- From hay and bedding
What is a Curshmanns spiral?
Microscopic finding in the sputum of asthmatics
What is the long term change of feline inflammatory airway disease?
Airway remodelling and fixed airway obstruction
What do you have to differentiate canine inflammatory airway disease from?
- Tracheal collapse
- Cardiac collapse
What kind of therapy can you do for inflammatory airway disease?
- Removing or minimising environmental challenges
- use of corticosteroid
- therapies to modif the TH2 response
