Musculoskeletal Pathology II Flashcards
What is a pathological fracture?
Bone fracture caused by disease
What is a compound fracture?
bone fragments pierce the skin
What is a communiated fracture?
fracture with higher forces than simple fractures
What causes a spiral fracture?
twisting forces
How does a small gap fracture heal?
<1mm
bone cells migrate from the fracture ends and form lamellar bone at a right angle to the fracture line -> osteonal bone parallel to the long axis of the bone
How does a large gap fracture heal?
> 1mm, woven bone fills the gap and must be modeled into osteonal bone
Name three potential complications of fractured bone healing
- inadequate blood supply = some fractures may be left without blood supply
- large fractures of necrotic bone may be too big to be resorbed and become sequestra
both of these may interfere with healing
What may happen if the fracture fragments are not stabilised
movement impairs the callus formation
* impaired neovascularisation
What is pseudoarthrosis?
Bone ends become capped and a false joint is formed
What is the Salter-Harris Classification?
Grading system of fractures
What is Epiphysiolysis?
Separation of the epiphysis from the metaphysis
What is valgus deformity?
deviation of the limb laterally
What is varus deformity?
deviation of the limb medially
What is osteitis?
inflammation of bone
What is periosteitis?
inflammation of the bone and periosteum