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2 - CPR (pulmonary) > Respiratory Pathology - 6 (Larynx, ears, neck) > Flashcards

Respiratory Pathology - 6 (Larynx, ears, neck) Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 squamous lesions of the larynx?

A
  1. Vocal cord nodule
  2. Laryngeal squamous papilloma
  3. Laryngeal Carcinoma
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2
Q

What are 3 squamous lesions of the larynx?

A
  1. Vocal cord nodules
  2. Laryngeal Squamous Papilloma
  3. Laryngeal Carcinoma
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3
Q

What are Vocal Cord Nodules and who are they common in?

A
  • Common in singer’s

= Soft tissue expansion underlying the vocal fold

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4
Q

Appearance of Vocal Cord Nodules?

A

Soft and translucent

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5
Q

Histologic appearance of Vocal Cord Nodules?

A

Edema and loose stroma underlie benign squamous epithelium

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6
Q

Edema and loose stroma underlie benign squamous epithelium

A

Vocal Cord Nodule

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7
Q

What causes a vocal cord nodule?

A

Soft tissue expansion underlying the vocal fold (rienke’s space)

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8
Q

A Laryngeal Squamous Papilloma is a benign neoplasm. What is it associated with - molecularly and other?

A
  • HPV 6 and 11

- Recurrent respiratory Papillomatosis

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9
Q

Appearance of a Laryngeal Squamous Papilloma?

A

Friable papillary masses

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10
Q

Histologic appearance of Laryngeal Squamous Papilloma?

A

Benign or mildly atypical squamous epithelium with multiple papillae

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11
Q

A Laryngeal Squamous Papilloma can be solitary or associated with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. What is that?

A

Children associated with HPV 6 and 11 usually acquired during birth

    • Risk factors:
      1. Mothers < 20
      2. Vaginal delivery
      3. First child
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12
Q

What type of Carcinoma is a Laryngeal Carcinoma and in what patient population?

A

Men > 60

= Squamous carcinoma

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13
Q

What are 3 synergistic risk factors for a Laryngeal Carcinoma?

A
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol
  • HPV infection
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14
Q

What 3 pathogens often cause Otitis Media?

A

SMH

  • Streptococcus Pneumoniae
  • Moraxella Catarrhalis
  • Haemophilus Influenzae
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15
Q

What 3 pathogens often cause Otitis Media?

A

SMH

  • Streptococcus Pneumoniae
  • Moraxella Catarrhalis
  • Haemophilus Influenzae
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16
Q

In what patients is Chronic Otitis Media common?

A

Diabetics

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17
Q

What pathogen often causes Chronic Otitis Media in diabetics?

A

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

18
Q

What can Chronic Otitis Media give rise to?

A

Cholesteatoma

19
Q

What is a Cholesteatoma and when is it seen?

A
  • Cystic lesion

- - Seen with Chronic Otitis Media in diabetic patients sometimes

20
Q

What can a cholesteatoma do to adjacent bone?

A

Erode it by growing

– Reactive process

21
Q

What is the Histologic Appearance of a Cholesteatoma?

A

Trapped Keratin debris inside benign squamous epithelium

22
Q

Trapped keratin debris inside benign squamous epithelium

A

Cholesteatoma - cystic lesion

23
Q

How is Otosclerosis inherited?

A

Autosomal Dominant

24
Q

What is Otosclerosis?

A

Bony deposition at the stapedial footplate that impairs vibrations needed for hearing

25
Q

What is the result of Otosclerosis?

A

Conductive hearing loss

26
Q

Neck cysts are usually a result of?

A

Embyology going wrong

27
Q

What are 2 neck cysts?

A
  1. Branchial Cyst

2. Thryoglossal Duct Cyst

28
Q

What does a Branchial Cyst arise from and where?

A

Arises from the 2nd branchial arch

– in front of the SCM

29
Q

Histologic appearance of a Branchial Cyst?

A

Lined by stratified squamous OR respiratory epithelium

    • Surrounding fibrous tissue
    • +/- lymphoid tissue
30
Q

Histologic appearance of a Branchial Cyst?

A

Lined by stratified squamous OR respiratory epithelium

    • Surrounding fibrous tissue
    • +/- lymphoid tissue
31
Q

What is a Thryoglossal Duct Cyst?

A

Remnant nests of tissue from thyroid migration with cystic change

32
Q

Common location for a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst?

A

Foramen Cecum (tongue), above or below Hyoid bone

33
Q

Histologic appearance of a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst?

A

Thyroid follicles

34
Q

Carotid Body tumor

A

Parasympathetic paraganglioma

35
Q

What is a Carotid Body Tumor?

A

Tumor of NCC origin arising from autonomic paraganglia

36
Q

Carotid Body tumors can be sporadic or associated with?

A

MEN2

37
Q

Histologic appearance of a Carotid body tumor?

A

Nests/balls of cells = “zellballen”

38
Q

Nests/balls of cells = “zellballen”

A

Carotid body tumor

39
Q

What stain can show the supporting cells of the Carotid body tumor?

A

(+) S-100

40
Q

What is unique about histology with a Carotid body tumor?

A

Histology can NOT tell if the tumor is malignant or not when some commonly are!!

2 - CPR (pulmonary) (26 decks)

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