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2 - CPR (pulmonary) > Pediatric Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pediatric Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the PAT (pediatric assessment triangle) and what is it used for?

A

Used for the first general assessment of patients

  1. Airway
  2. Breathing
  3. Circulation
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2
Q

What are the 3 components of cardiopulmonary arrest in children?

A
  1. Respiratory
  2. Cardiac
  3. Circulatory volume
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3
Q

Wheezing can be due to Asthma and many other conditions. What are some (5) other causes besides Asthma of wheezing?

A
  • Foreign body
  • Dysphagia/GERD
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Vocal cord dysfunction
  • Pneumonia and other lung diseases
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4
Q

Wheezing can be due to Asthma and many other conditions. What are 5 possible causes of wheezing besides Asthma?

A
  • Foreign body
  • Dysphagia/GERD
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Vocal cord dysfunction
  • Pneumonia and other lung diseases
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5
Q

If a vocal cord dysfunction is causing a patient to wheeze, what will be seen on the respiratory loop?

A

Truncated inspiratory portion

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6
Q

What are AAP’s?

A

Asthma Action Plans

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7
Q

What is the purpose of an AAP?

A

Asthma Action Plan

  • Plan for dealing with asthma exacerbations
    • List medications/when to add meds depending on disease activity
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8
Q

What zone do we want patients in for Asthma and what does that zone entail?

A

Green zone

  • Symptoms, Night time awakenings, and SABA use all LESS THAN 2 days per week!
  • No interference with normal activity
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9
Q

Every patient with asthma and their school should have an AAP, what is the purpose of it?

A

Plan for dealing with asthma exacerbations

– Lists medications/when to add meds depending on disease activity

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10
Q

Classification of asthma into intermittent or persistent categories involves assessment of the severity of?

A

Symptoms AND Risk

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11
Q

How do you know if a patient has well-controlled or poorly-controlled asthma?

A

Well-controlled = GREEN ZONE
Poorly-controlled = patient is not in the green zone
– More than 2 exacerbations per year that requires steroids is also a sign of poor control

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12
Q

Green zone for Asthma

A

Symptoms, night time awakenings, SABA use is all LESS THAN 2 days per week
- No interference with normal activity

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13
Q

Signs of poorly-controlled asthma?

A

Not in the green zone!

- More than 2 exacerbations of asthma per year that require steroids is also a sign

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14
Q

Asthma attack treatment

A

Albuterol (+/- ipratropium)
Steroids
Oxygen

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15
Q

Asthma attack treatment

A

Albuterol (+/- ipratropium)
Steroids
Oxygen

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16
Q

How may a child appear when in Respiratory Distress?

A
  • Not aware of surroundings and irritable
  • Eyes rolling around and not focusing
  • Unable to speak or a gasping cry
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17
Q

How may the respiratory rate look when a child is in Respiratory Distress?

A

Hypoxia compensation = tachypnea

– When fatigue sets in = slow and irregular (BAD)

18
Q

List some signs of increased work of breathing with a child in Respiratory Distress?

A
  • Nasal flaring, intercostal retractions
  • Grunting, stridor/wheeze
  • Tripod position with decreased breath sounds
19
Q

Nasal flaring, accessory muscle use, grunting, wheezing, tripod position of a child can indicate?

A

Respiratory distress with an increased work of breathing

20
Q

How may the skin of a child in Respiratory Distress look?

A

Cyanotic

Pale/mottled/ashen skin

21
Q

What virus is to blame for viral croup?

A

Parainfluenza virus

22
Q

What are the symptoms of Viral croup?

A

Laryngeal/tracheal swelling – stridor

23
Q

What is usually the cause of Epiglottitis?

A

H. Influenzae type B – now a vaccine

24
Q

Symptoms of Epiglottitis?

A

Inability to swallow own secretions, leaning forward and very ill

25
What usually causes Bronchiolitis?
RSV
26
Symptoms of Bronchiolitis?
Wheezing caused by RSV | -- usually affects younger kids
27
Most common pathogens that affect newborns and cause Pneumonia?
Group B strep | Listeria
28
Most common pathogen that affects children and causes Pneumonia?
Strep. Pneumoniae
29
Most common pathogen that affects adolescents and causes Pneumonia?
Mycoplasma
30
What 3 things are given for the treatment of Anaphylaxis?
Epinephrine Steroids Oxygen
31
What gene is mutated with Cystic Fibrosis and what does it cause generally?
CFTR gene - chloride channel | = flow of water is impaired ==> thick and sticky mucus
32
How is Cystic Fibrosis inherited?
Autosomal Recessive
33
In what patient populations is Cystic Fibrosis the most common and how is it inherited?
Ashkenazi jews and caucasians | -- Autosomal recessive
33
In what patient populations is Cystic Fibrosis the most common and how is it inherited?
Ashkenazi jews and caucasians | -- Autosomal recessive
34
What could be the first sign in the nursery that a baby has Cystic Fibrosis?
Delayed passage of first stool | == Meconium Ileus
35
Respiratory, GI and Reproductive symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis?
- Chronic respiratory symptoms/infections - Pancreatic enzyme insufficiency --> malabsorption - Absence of bilateral vas deferens = sterility
36
What are the top 3 bacterial pathogens that cause respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients? List them from usually occurring in childhood to later in life.
Staphylococcus Aureus Haemophilus Influenzae Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
37
Why do cystic fibrosis patients need fat soluble vitamins supplemented?
They have trouble absorbing fats due to pancreatic enzyme deficiencies -- which means they cannot absorb vitamins that need fat to be absorbed
38
Why are newborn screenings so important?
The earlier you intervene the better the outcome with any abnormalities
39
Cystic Fibrosis patients usually live until about what age? What is the most common cause of death?
40 - Most common cause of death ==> respiratory failure/cor pulmonale
40
If a newborn screening test is (+) for a disease, what should be done after to make sure it was correct?
Confirmatory testing
41
If a newborn screen is (+) for Cystic Fibrosis, what does the confirmatory testing involve?
1. Elevated sweat chloride on 2 occasions | 2. Chromosome testing

2 - CPR (pulmonary) (26 decks)

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