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2 - CPR (pulmonary) > Pediatric Pulmonology > Flashcards

Pediatric Pulmonology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the PAT (pediatric assessment triangle) and what is it used for?

A

Used for the first general assessment of patients

  1. Airway
  2. Breathing
  3. Circulation
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2
Q

What are the 3 components of cardiopulmonary arrest in children?

A
  1. Respiratory
  2. Cardiac
  3. Circulatory volume
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3
Q

Wheezing can be due to Asthma and many other conditions. What are some (5) other causes besides Asthma of wheezing?

A
  • Foreign body
  • Dysphagia/GERD
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Vocal cord dysfunction
  • Pneumonia and other lung diseases
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4
Q

Wheezing can be due to Asthma and many other conditions. What are 5 possible causes of wheezing besides Asthma?

A
  • Foreign body
  • Dysphagia/GERD
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Vocal cord dysfunction
  • Pneumonia and other lung diseases
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5
Q

If a vocal cord dysfunction is causing a patient to wheeze, what will be seen on the respiratory loop?

A

Truncated inspiratory portion

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6
Q

What are AAP’s?

A

Asthma Action Plans

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7
Q

What is the purpose of an AAP?

A

Asthma Action Plan

  • Plan for dealing with asthma exacerbations
    • List medications/when to add meds depending on disease activity
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8
Q

What zone do we want patients in for Asthma and what does that zone entail?

A

Green zone

  • Symptoms, Night time awakenings, and SABA use all LESS THAN 2 days per week!
  • No interference with normal activity
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9
Q

Every patient with asthma and their school should have an AAP, what is the purpose of it?

A

Plan for dealing with asthma exacerbations

– Lists medications/when to add meds depending on disease activity

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10
Q

Classification of asthma into intermittent or persistent categories involves assessment of the severity of?

A

Symptoms AND Risk

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11
Q

How do you know if a patient has well-controlled or poorly-controlled asthma?

A

Well-controlled = GREEN ZONE
Poorly-controlled = patient is not in the green zone
– More than 2 exacerbations per year that requires steroids is also a sign of poor control

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12
Q

Green zone for Asthma

A

Symptoms, night time awakenings, SABA use is all LESS THAN 2 days per week
- No interference with normal activity

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13
Q

Signs of poorly-controlled asthma?

A

Not in the green zone!

- More than 2 exacerbations of asthma per year that require steroids is also a sign

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14
Q

Asthma attack treatment

A

Albuterol (+/- ipratropium)
Steroids
Oxygen

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15
Q

Asthma attack treatment

A

Albuterol (+/- ipratropium)
Steroids
Oxygen

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16
Q

How may a child appear when in Respiratory Distress?

A
  • Not aware of surroundings and irritable
  • Eyes rolling around and not focusing
  • Unable to speak or a gasping cry
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17
Q

How may the respiratory rate look when a child is in Respiratory Distress?

A

Hypoxia compensation = tachypnea

– When fatigue sets in = slow and irregular (BAD)

18
Q

List some signs of increased work of breathing with a child in Respiratory Distress?

A
  • Nasal flaring, intercostal retractions
  • Grunting, stridor/wheeze
  • Tripod position with decreased breath sounds
19
Q

Nasal flaring, accessory muscle use, grunting, wheezing, tripod position of a child can indicate?

A

Respiratory distress with an increased work of breathing

20
Q

How may the skin of a child in Respiratory Distress look?

A

Cyanotic

Pale/mottled/ashen skin

21
Q

What virus is to blame for viral croup?

A

Parainfluenza virus

22
Q

What are the symptoms of Viral croup?

A

Laryngeal/tracheal swelling – stridor

23
Q

What is usually the cause of Epiglottitis?

A

H. Influenzae type B – now a vaccine

24
Q

Symptoms of Epiglottitis?

A

Inability to swallow own secretions, leaning forward and very ill

25
Q

What usually causes Bronchiolitis?

A

RSV

26
Q

Symptoms of Bronchiolitis?

A

Wheezing caused by RSV

– usually affects younger kids

27
Q

Most common pathogens that affect newborns and cause Pneumonia?

A

Group B strep

Listeria

28
Q

Most common pathogen that affects children and causes Pneumonia?

A

Strep. Pneumoniae

29
Q

Most common pathogen that affects adolescents and causes Pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma

30
Q

What 3 things are given for the treatment of Anaphylaxis?

A

Epinephrine
Steroids
Oxygen

31
Q

What gene is mutated with Cystic Fibrosis and what does it cause generally?

A

CFTR gene - chloride channel

= flow of water is impaired ==> thick and sticky mucus

32
Q

How is Cystic Fibrosis inherited?

A

Autosomal Recessive

33
Q

In what patient populations is Cystic Fibrosis the most common and how is it inherited?

A

Ashkenazi jews and caucasians

– Autosomal recessive

33
Q

In what patient populations is Cystic Fibrosis the most common and how is it inherited?

A

Ashkenazi jews and caucasians

– Autosomal recessive

34
Q

What could be the first sign in the nursery that a baby has Cystic Fibrosis?

A

Delayed passage of first stool

== Meconium Ileus

35
Q

Respiratory, GI and Reproductive symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis?

A
  • Chronic respiratory symptoms/infections
  • Pancreatic enzyme insufficiency –> malabsorption
  • Absence of bilateral vas deferens = sterility
36
Q

What are the top 3 bacterial pathogens that cause respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients? List them from usually occurring in childhood to later in life.

A

Staphylococcus Aureus
Haemophilus Influenzae
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

37
Q

Why do cystic fibrosis patients need fat soluble vitamins supplemented?

A

They have trouble absorbing fats due to pancreatic enzyme deficiencies
– which means they cannot absorb vitamins that need fat to be absorbed

38
Q

Why are newborn screenings so important?

A

The earlier you intervene the better the outcome with any abnormalities

39
Q

Cystic Fibrosis patients usually live until about what age? What is the most common cause of death?

A

40
- Most common cause of death
==> respiratory failure/cor pulmonale

40
Q

If a newborn screening test is (+) for a disease, what should be done after to make sure it was correct?

A

Confirmatory testing

41
Q

If a newborn screen is (+) for Cystic Fibrosis, what does the confirmatory testing involve?

A
  1. Elevated sweat chloride on 2 occasions

2. Chromosome testing

2 - CPR (pulmonary) (26 decks)

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