Penicillins/Cephalosporins - cardiopulm. infections

Question 1

Antibiotics are for _____ infections

Answer 1

Bacterial infections

Question 2

Penicillins should not be combined with?

Answer 2

Aminoglycosides

Question 3

What is the biggest problem with Penicillins?

Answer 3

Allergic reactions

Question 4

When Penicillins are combined with _____ it increases their activity

Answer 4

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

Question 5

What are the 2 common Penicillin combinations?

Answer 5

• Amoxicillin +/- Clavulanate

- Piperacillin + Tazobactam

Question 6

What are the 2 common Penicillin combinations?

Answer 6

• Amoxicillin +/- Clavulanate

- Piperacillin + Tazobactam

Question 7

MOA for Clavulanate and Tazobactam?

Answer 7

(-) beta - lactamases

– Are given with Penicillins to increase activity

Question 8

What are the 2 main Penicillins?

Answer 8

Amoxicillin

Piperacillin

Question 9

MOA for Penicillins?

Answer 9

(-) cell wall synthesis

Question 10

When is Amoxicillin used?

Answer 10

Community Acquired Pneumonia

Question 11

What is special about Piperacillin?

Answer 11

It is active against Pseudomonas!

Question 12

When is Piperacillin used?

Answer 12

• Community Acquired Pneumonia
• Hospital or Ventilator Acquired Pneumonia
• • Pseudomonas coverage

Question 13

How many generations of Cephalosporins are there?

Answer 13

5 generations

Question 14

There are 4 Cephalosporins that are given orally. What are they?

Answer 14

Gen 1 - Cephalexin
Gen 2 - Cefaclor
Gen 3 - Cefpodoxime and Cefditoran

Question 15

There are 4 Cephalosporins that are given orally. What are they?

Answer 15

Gen 1 - Cephalexin
Gen 2 - Cefaclor
Gen 3 - Cefpodoxime and Cefditoran

Question 16

Besides the 4 mentioned, the rest of the Cephalorsporins are given how?

Answer 16

Parenterally

Question 17

What are the Gen 1 Cephalosporins?

Answer 17

Cefazolin

Cephalexin

Question 18

What are the Gen 1 Cephalosporings and what type of bacteria are they mostly active against?

Answer 18

Cefazolin
Cephalexin
– Mostly gram (+) and some gram (-)

Question 19

What are the Gen 2 Cephalosporins?

Answer 19

Cefuroxime
Cefotetan
Cefaclor

Question 20

What are the Gen 2 Cephalosporins and what type of bacteria do they have lesssss activity against?

Answer 20

Cefuroxime
Cefotetan
Cefaclor
– less gram (+) activity

Question 21

What are the Gen 3 Cephalosporins?

Answer 21

Ceftriaxone
Ceftazidime
Cefditoran
Cefpodoxime

Question 22

what are the Gen 3 Cephalosporins and what are they active against?

Answer 22

Ceftriaxone
Ceftazidime 
Cefditoran
Cefpodoxime
-- active against Pseudomonas!!

Question 23

What is the Gen 4 Cephalosporin?

Answer 23

Cefepime

Question 24

What is the Gen 4 Cephalosporin and what is it active against?

Answer 24

Cefepime

– active against MRSA

Question 25

What is the Gen 5 Cephalosporin?

Answer 25

Ceftaroline

Question 26

What is the Gen 5 Cephalosporin?

Answer 26

Ceftaroline

Question 27

MOA for Cephalosporins?

Answer 27

(-) cell wall synthesis

Question 28

What is unique about Ceftriaxone's metabolism?

Answer 28

It uses hepatic and renal elimination so it is OK to use if a patient has renal OR hepatic dysfunction

Question 29

Ceftazidime is eliminated by the kidney, so it needs a dosage adjustment if?

Answer 29

Low GFR

Question 30

Ceftriaxone treats?

Answer 30

Community Acquired Pneumonia - Inpatient

Question 31

Ceftazidime treats?

Answer 31

Lower respiratory infections including Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Question 32

What are the adverse effects of Cephalosporins?

Answer 32

Beta-lactam allergy | Superinfection

Question 33

Between Cefpodoxime and Cefditoran, which has a higher bioavailability?

Answer 33

Cefpodoxime

Question 34

Cefpodoxime treats?

Answer 34

Community Acquired Pneumonia (outpatient) | -- COPD

Question 35

Cefditoran treats?

Answer 35

Community Acquired Pneumonia | -- Chronic Bronchitis

Question 36

What are the adverse effects of Cephalosporins?

Answer 36

Beta lactam allergy | Superinfection

Question 37

What are the Gen 3 Cephalosporins and how they are given?

Answer 37

Parenteral - Ceftriaxone and Ceftazidime | Oral - Cefpodoxime and Cefditoran

Question 38

What is a Tetracycline used for Community Acquired Pneumonia?

Answer 38

Doxycycline

Question 39

What is a Tetracycline used for Community Acquired Pneumonia?

Answer 39

Doxycycline

Question 40

MOA for Doxycycline (tetracycline)?

Answer 40

Binds to 30s subunit to (-) tRNA delivery and peptide chain growth

Question 41

What extra type of bacteria can Doxycycline kill?

Answer 41

Bacteria without cell walls - mycoplasma pneumonia for CAP

Question 42

Why should doxycycline not be given to young kids?

Answer 42

Permanent teeth staining

Question 43

What are some adverse effects caused by Doxycycline?

Answer 43

``` Teeth staining in children Photosensitivity Bone growth suppression Esophageal irritation/ulcers Intracranial HTN Superinfection ```

Question 44

What are some adverse effects caused by Doxycycline?

Answer 44

``` Teeth staining in children Photosensitivity Bone growth suppression Esophageal irritation/ulcers Intracranial HTN Superinfection ```