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2 - CPR (pulmonary) > Penicillins/Cephalosporins - cardiopulm. infections > Flashcards

Penicillins/Cephalosporins - cardiopulm. infections Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotics are for _____ infections

A

Bacterial infections

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2
Q

Penicillins should not be combined with?

A

Aminoglycosides

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3
Q

What is the biggest problem with Penicillins?

A

Allergic reactions

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4
Q

When Penicillins are combined with _____ it increases their activity

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

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5
Q

What are the 2 common Penicillin combinations?

A
  • Amoxicillin +/- Clavulanate

- Piperacillin + Tazobactam

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6
Q

What are the 2 common Penicillin combinations?

A
  • Amoxicillin +/- Clavulanate

- Piperacillin + Tazobactam

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7
Q

MOA for Clavulanate and Tazobactam?

A

(-) beta - lactamases

– Are given with Penicillins to increase activity

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8
Q

What are the 2 main Penicillins?

A

Amoxicillin

Piperacillin

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9
Q

MOA for Penicillins?

A

(-) cell wall synthesis

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10
Q

When is Amoxicillin used?

A

Community Acquired Pneumonia

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11
Q

What is special about Piperacillin?

A

It is active against Pseudomonas!

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12
Q

When is Piperacillin used?

A
  • Community Acquired Pneumonia
  • Hospital or Ventilator Acquired Pneumonia
    • Pseudomonas coverage
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13
Q

How many generations of Cephalosporins are there?

A

5 generations

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14
Q

There are 4 Cephalosporins that are given orally. What are they?

A

Gen 1 - Cephalexin
Gen 2 - Cefaclor
Gen 3 - Cefpodoxime and Cefditoran

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15
Q

There are 4 Cephalosporins that are given orally. What are they?

A

Gen 1 - Cephalexin
Gen 2 - Cefaclor
Gen 3 - Cefpodoxime and Cefditoran

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16
Q

Besides the 4 mentioned, the rest of the Cephalorsporins are given how?

A

Parenterally

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17
Q

What are the Gen 1 Cephalosporins?

A

Cefazolin

Cephalexin

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18
Q

What are the Gen 1 Cephalosporings and what type of bacteria are they mostly active against?

A

Cefazolin
Cephalexin
– Mostly gram (+) and some gram (-)

19
Q

What are the Gen 2 Cephalosporins?

A

Cefuroxime
Cefotetan
Cefaclor

20
Q

What are the Gen 2 Cephalosporins and what type of bacteria do they have lesssss activity against?

A

Cefuroxime
Cefotetan
Cefaclor
– less gram (+) activity

21
Q

What are the Gen 3 Cephalosporins?

A

Ceftriaxone
Ceftazidime
Cefditoran
Cefpodoxime

22
Q

what are the Gen 3 Cephalosporins and what are they active against?

A 
Ceftriaxone
Ceftazidime 
Cefditoran
Cefpodoxime
-- active against Pseudomonas!!
23
Q

What is the Gen 4 Cephalosporin?

A

Cefepime

24
Q

What is the Gen 4 Cephalosporin and what is it active against?

A

Cefepime

– active against MRSA

25
Q

What is the Gen 5 Cephalosporin?

A

Ceftaroline

26
Q

What is the Gen 5 Cephalosporin?

A

Ceftaroline

27
Q

MOA for Cephalosporins?

A

(-) cell wall synthesis

28
Q

What is unique about Ceftriaxone’s metabolism?

A

It uses hepatic and renal elimination so it is OK to use if a patient has renal OR hepatic dysfunction

29
Q

Ceftazidime is eliminated by the kidney, so it needs a dosage adjustment if?

A

Low GFR

30
Q

Ceftriaxone treats?

A

Community Acquired Pneumonia - Inpatient

31
Q

Ceftazidime treats?

A

Lower respiratory infections including Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

32
Q

What are the adverse effects of Cephalosporins?

A

Beta-lactam allergy

Superinfection

33
Q

Between Cefpodoxime and Cefditoran, which has a higher bioavailability?

A

Cefpodoxime

34
Q

Cefpodoxime treats?

A

Community Acquired Pneumonia (outpatient)

– COPD

35
Q

Cefditoran treats?

A

Community Acquired Pneumonia

– Chronic Bronchitis

36
Q

What are the adverse effects of Cephalosporins?

A

Beta lactam allergy

Superinfection

37
Q

What are the Gen 3 Cephalosporins and how they are given?

A

Parenteral - Ceftriaxone and Ceftazidime

Oral - Cefpodoxime and Cefditoran

38
Q

What is a Tetracycline used for Community Acquired Pneumonia?

A

Doxycycline

39
Q

What is a Tetracycline used for Community Acquired Pneumonia?

A

Doxycycline

40
Q

MOA for Doxycycline (tetracycline)?

A

Binds to 30s subunit to (-) tRNA delivery and peptide chain growth

41
Q

What extra type of bacteria can Doxycycline kill?

A

Bacteria without cell walls - mycoplasma pneumonia for CAP

42
Q

Why should doxycycline not be given to young kids?

A

Permanent teeth staining

43
Q

What are some adverse effects caused by Doxycycline?

A 
Teeth staining in children
Photosensitivity
Bone growth suppression
Esophageal irritation/ulcers
Intracranial HTN
Superinfection
44
Q

What are some adverse effects caused by Doxycycline?

A 
Teeth staining in children
Photosensitivity
Bone growth suppression
Esophageal irritation/ulcers
Intracranial HTN
Superinfection

2 - CPR (pulmonary) (26 decks)

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