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2 - CPR (pulmonary) > Asthma and COPD > Flashcards

Asthma and COPD Flashcards

1
Q

In childhood, what sex is affected more often by Asthma?

A

Boys

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2
Q

In young adulthood, what sex is affected more often by Asthma?

A

Women

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3
Q

What sex achieves remission from Asthma more often?

A

Males

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4
Q

What is a predominant pre-natal risk factor for Asthma?

A

Prematurity

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5
Q

Besides prematurity, what are some other pre-natal risk factors for Asthma?

A

Ethnicity
Socioeconomic status
C-section
Maternal tobacco use

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6
Q

What are some post-natal risk factors for Asthma?

A

Toxins/allergens in the home, air pollution

Infections, medication use and obesity

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7
Q

What is the best studied prevention of Asthma?

A

Breast feeding

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8
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of the airway inflammation with Asthma?

A

T2 type inflammation with eosinophils, mast cells, etc.

– Defective Resolution process!!

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9
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of the airway remodeling with Asthma?

A
  • Increased smooth muscle, mucus glands and production

- Thickened subepithelial reticular lamina

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of Asthma?

A

Cough, recurrent wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of Asthma?

A

Cough, dyspnea, recurrent wheezing, chest tightness

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12
Q

What are some things that can make Asthma worse?

A

Exercise, night time, weather and allergen exposure changes, laughing/crying/stress

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13
Q

Diagnosis of Asthma can be difficult. What 3 things need to be present?

A
  1. Appropriate symptoms
  2. Reversible airflow limitation
  3. Airway hyper-responsiveness
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14
Q

What are the spirometry results with Asthma?

A
  • FEV1 < 80% predicted
  • Age adjusted FEV1/FVC < 75%
  • Reversibility of obstruction
    = > 12% increase in FEV1 and > 200 ml volume
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15
Q

What are the spirometry results with Asthma?

A
  • FEV1 < 80% predicted
  • Age adjusted FEV1/FVC < 75%
  • Reversibility of obstruction
    = > 12% increase in FEV1 and > 200 ml volume
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16
Q

Does normal spirometry exclude Asthma?

A

NO

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17
Q

Intermittent Asthma and Treatment

A

Symptoms less than 2 days/week

= SABA as needed

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18
Q

Asthma symptoms greater than 2days/week but not daily

A

Mild Asthma

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19
Q

Daily Asthma symptoms with some activity limitations

A

Moderate Asthma

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20
Q

Asthma symptoms throughout the day with severe limitations on activities

A

Severe Asthma

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21
Q

What is the treatment for Mild, Moderate and Severe persistent Asthma?

A

ICS +/- LABA/LAMA

22
Q

What is the treatment for Mild, Moderate and Severe persistent Asthma?

A

ICS +/- LABA/LAMA

23
Q

What does the use of a SABA > 2 days/week for relief of asthma suggest?

A

Inadequate control of asthma and need to step up treatment

24
Q

What are some complications of Asthma?

A

Poor quality of life, exacerbation of symptoms

- Pneumonia, Pneumothorax, respiratory failure, airway remodeling

25
Q

With COPD there is ____ airflow limitation that is ____

A

Persistent airflow limitation that is irreversible

26
Q

The mortality with COPD is associated with?

A

Poverty

Increasing male age

27
Q

What are the main risk factors for COPD?

A

Smoking
History of Tuberculosis
– Genetics plays a role

28
Q

Persistent airflow limitation that is irreversible

A

COPD

29
Q

Common names for the presentations of COPD?

A

Blue bloaters

Pink Puffers

30
Q

What are the main symptoms of COPD?

A

Dyspnea
Cough with sputum production
Recurrent respiratory tract infections

31
Q

What are the spirometry results of COPD?

A
  • FEV1 < 80% predicted
  • FEV1/FVC < 0.7
  • < 12% reversibility
32
Q

What are the spirometry results with COPD?

A
  • FEV1 < 80% predicted
  • FEV1/FVC < 0.7
  • < 12% reversibility
33
Q

Gold 1/mild COPD

A

FEV1 > 80%

34
Q

Gold2/Moderate COPD

A

FEV1 between 50-80%

35
Q

Gold3/Severe COPD

A

FEV1 between 30-50%

36
Q

Gold4/Very severe COPD

A

FEV1 < 30%

37
Q

Non-pharmacologic treatments for COPD?

A
  • Pulmonary rehab

- Lung volume reduction and transplant

38
Q

Mainstay for pharmacologic treatment for COPD?

A

Long acting Bronchodilators

39
Q

Mainstay for pharmacologic treatment for COPD?

A

Long acting Bronchodilators – LABA/LAMA

40
Q

What is the pharmacologic treatment for those patients that are at high risk of COPD exacerbations?

A

Inhaled Corticosteroids

41
Q

Why are Inhaled Corticosteroids only given for those COPD patients that are at risk for exacerbation?

A

The benefit/risk ratio is poor so not recommended for all

42
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroids increase lung function but also the patient’s risk for?

A

PNA
Oral thrush
Hoarseness
Osteoporosis

43
Q

What treatment for COPD reduced mortalitiy?

A

Oxygen

44
Q

What treatment for COPD reduces mortality?

A

Oxygen

45
Q

For Acute Exacerbations of COPD, what is the mainstay of treatment?

A

ORAL corticosteroids

46
Q

For Acute Exacerbations of COPD, what is the mainstay of treatment?

A

ORAL corticosteroids

47
Q

What are some actions to take in order to prevent COPD exacerbations?

A
  • Vaccinations

- Long acting bronchodilators and ICS

48
Q

What should you address at each visit with your COPD patient?

A

Smoking cessation

49
Q

LABA + LAMA = 2x the lung function but not 2x the?

A

Symptom improvement

50
Q

In effectiveness, is LABA = LAMA?

A

Yes

2 - CPR (pulmonary) (26 decks)

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