Macrolides/Fluoroquinolones/misc. - cardiopulm. infections

Question 1

What are 3 Macrolides?

Answer 1

Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin

Question 2

What are 3 Macrolides?

Answer 2

Erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin

Question 3

MOA for Macrolides?

Answer 3

(-) 50s subunit to block peptide chain growth

Question 4

Macrolides are used for CAP. What extra bacteria are they active against?

Answer 4

Legionella

Mycoplasma

Question 5

Adverse effect with Erythromycin?

Answer 5

Epigastric pain

– take with food

Question 6

Clarithromycin has ____ GI upset compared to Erythromycin

Answer 6

LESS

Question 7

Erythromycin and Clarithromycin have many drug interactions. Why?

Answer 7

(-) CYP450 metabolism

• • (-) CYP3A4
• • (-) P glycoprotein

Question 8

Which Macrolide does NOT have many drug interactions because it does NOT impair CYP450 metabolism?

Answer 8

Azithromycin

Question 9

What are the Fluoroquinolones?

Answer 9

Levofloxacin
Gemifloxacin
Moxifloxacin

Question 10

What are the Fluoroquinolones?

Answer 10

Levofloxacin
Gemifloxacin
Moxifloxacin

Question 11

Fluoroquinolones are more effective than tetracyclines and macrolides for pneumonia. Why should they be reserved?

Answer 11

To minimize the appearance of tolerance

Question 12

MOA for Fluoroquinolones and which gram bacteria the mechanism kills?

Answer 12

(-) DNA gyrase – kills gram (-)

-) Topoisomerase IV – kills gram (+

Question 13

MOA for Fluoroquinolones and which gram bacteria the mechanism kills?

Answer 13

(-) DNA gyrase – kills gram (-)

-) Topoisomerase IV – kills gram (+

Question 14

Which Fluoroquinolones are better at killing gram (-) bacteria, like pseudomonas?

Answer 14

Ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

Question 15

What are the adverse effects of the Fluoroquinolones?

Answer 15

Achilles tendon rupture

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 16

What are the adverse effects of Fluoroquinolones?

Answer 16

Achilles tendon rupture

Peripheral neuropathy

Question 17

Fluoroquinolones like Levofloxacin, can exacerbate what condition?

Answer 17

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 18

When is IV Vancomycin given?

Answer 18

For serious infections caused by organisms resistant to penicillins (MRSA)

Question 19

When is Oral Vancomycin given?

Answer 19

C. Difficile Colitis

Question 20

If Vancomycin is diffused too fast, what can it cause?

Answer 20

Red man syndrome

Question 21

This drug is given IV for serious infections caused by organisms that are resistant to penicillins (MRSA/MRSE)

Answer 21

Vancomycin - IV

Question 22

Linezolid is active against gram ___ bacteria only

Answer 22

Gram (+)

Question 23

MOA for Linezolid?

Answer 23

(-) protein synthesis initiation

Question 24

When is Linezolid used?

Answer 24

Vancomcyin resistant enterococcal infections

Question 25

This drug is used for Vancomycin resistant enterococcal infections

Answer 25

Linezolid

Question 26

What does Linezolid (-) in order for it to have many drug interactions?

Answer 26

(-) MAO

Question 27

Aztreonam is only active against gram ____ bacteria

Answer 27

Gram (-) | -- includes pseudomonas

Question 28

Aztreonam is used when infections are caused by gram ___ ______

Answer 28

Gram (-) bacilli

Question 29

Adverse effects of Aztreonam?

Answer 29

Anaphylactic/Hypersensitivity reactions | Superinfection

Question 30

Imipenum is used when?

Answer 30

Active against many multiresistant strains

Question 31

This drug is active against many multiresistant strains

Answer 31

Imipenum

Question 32

Gentamicin can also treat respiratory tract infections. What are 3 main adverse effects?

Answer 32

Nephrotoxicity Neurotoxicity Ototoxicity

Question 33

MOA for Gentamicin?

Answer 33

(-) 30s subunit to stop peptide growth

Question 34

Adverse effects of Gentamicin?

Answer 34

Nephrotoxicity Neurotoxicity Ototoxicity

Question 35

What drug USED to be used for aspiration pneumonia?

Answer 35

Clindamycin

Question 36

Why is Clindamycin no longer used for Aspiration Pneumonia?

Answer 36

It causes C. Difficile Colitis