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2 - CPR (pulmonary) > Respiratory Pathology - 4 (other pneumonias) > Flashcards

Respiratory Pathology - 4 (other pneumonias) Flashcards

1
Q

Lung abscesses can be complications of Pneumonia often caused by which 2 bacteria?

A

Staph. Aureus

Klebsiella Pneumoniae

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2
Q

Lung abscesses can also be seen with Aspiration Pneumonia. What patients are at an elevated risk for Aspiration Pneumonia?

A

Chronic alcoholics

Elderly (stroke)

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3
Q

What type of bacteria is commonly a culprit of Aspiration Pneumonia?

A

Anaerobic bacteria

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4
Q

What lobes of the lungs are preferentially affected by Aspiration Pneumonia and why?

A

RIGHT middle and lower lobes

– aspiration of food follows most down-sloping airway segment which is the right side

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5
Q

Lung abscesses can be a complication of pneumonia, often due to which 2 bacteria?

A

S. Aureus

K. Pneumoniae

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6
Q

Tuberculosis involves ____

A

Caseation = cheese necrosis

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7
Q

What is the complex called that is seen on the lungs with Tuberculosis?

A

Ghon complex - localized caseation

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8
Q

A primary infection of Tuberculosis can become latent. What can it turn into?

A
  • Secondary Tuberculosis with reinfection or reactivation of primary infection
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9
Q

If Tuberculosis is severe enough, what will occur and what will be affected?

A

Hematogenous Dissemination

= Miliary Tuberculosis (spleen and liver)

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10
Q

Localized caseation of the lungs is seen with Tuberculosis, what is that complex called?

A

Ghon complex

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11
Q

What defines Chronic Pneumonia?

A

Pneumonia lasting for months in an immunocompetent patient

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12
Q

Chronic Pneumonia is often due to what type of organism?

A

Fungal

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13
Q

Which 3 fungal organisms are often at fault for Chronic Pneumonia?

A

Histoplasma Capsulatum
Blastomyctes Dermatitides
Coccidiodes Immitis

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14
Q

Which 3 fungal organisms are often at fault for Chronic Pneumonia?

A

Histoplasma Capsulatum
Blastomyces Dermatitides
Coccidiodes Immitis

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15
Q

Where is infection with Histoplasma Capsulatum common?

A

Midwest (ohio and MI river valleys) and caribbean

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16
Q

Symptoms of Histoplasma Capsulatum?

A

Subclinical (asymptomatic)

– if immunocompromised = more aggressive

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17
Q

What morphology of the yeast form will be seen with Histoplasma Capsulatum?

A

Pumpkin seed

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18
Q

Pumpkin seed morphology

A

Histoplasma Capsulatum

– chronic pneumonia

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19
Q

Where is infection with Blastomyces Dermatitides common?

A

Central and SE US (ohio and MI river valleys)

20
Q

What else can Blastomyces Dermatitides affect?

A

Skin and sometimes disseminated infection

21
Q

What morphology of the yeast is seen with Blastomyces Dermatitides?

A

Broad - Based Budding yeast

22
Q

Broad Based Budding Yeast

A

Blastomyces Dermatitides

– chronic pneumonia

23
Q

Where is infection with Coccidiodes Immitis common?

A

SW US and mexico

24
Q

Symptoms of Coccidiodes Immitis?

A

Subclinical (asymptomatic)

– Disseminated infection in immunocompromised

25
Q

What cells are present with Coccidiodes Immitis?

A

Eosinophils

26
Q

The 3 fungal organisms that cause chronic pneumonia will have what type of response in the lungs?

A

Granulomatous

= calcifications or coin lesions on CXR

27
Q

The 3 fungal organisms that cause chronic pneumonia will have what type of response in the lungs?

A

Granulomatous

= calcifications or coin lesions on CXR

28
Q

What does the morphology of Coccidiodes Immitis look like?

A

Circumscribed circle with eosinophils

– chronic pneumonia

29
Q

What are 3 common causes of Pneumonia in Immunocompromised patients?

A

Pneumocystis Jiroveci
Cytomegalovirus
Mycobacterium Avium Complex

30
Q

What are 3 common causes of Pneumonia in Immunocompromised patients?

A

Pneumocystis Jiroveci
Cytomegalovirus
Mycobacterium Avium Complex

31
Q

Pneumocystis Jiroveci

A

Opportunistic FUNGAL infection

- AIDS defining illness

32
Q

What does the yeast look like morphologically for Pneumocystis Jiroveci?

A

Cup shaped

33
Q

Cup shaped yeast

A

Pneumocystis Jiroveci

34
Q

What does Pneumocystis Jiroveci look like radiographically?

A

ANYTHING - can be diffuse or focal

35
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A

Opportunistic VIRAL infection

- AIDs defining illness

36
Q

What do the cells look like with Cytomegalovirus?

A

BIG cell virus with Cowdry inclusions

= pink/purple in nucleus

37
Q

BIG cells with cowdry inclusions in the nucleus

A

Cytomegalovirus

38
Q

How does Cytomegalovirus look on CXR?

A

Diffuse infiltrates

39
Q

How does Mycobacterium Avium Complex look morphologically on acid fast stain?

A

Slender red forms

40
Q

Slender red forms on acid fast stain

A

Mycobacterium Avium Complex

41
Q

With a lung transplant, what is needed to differentiate from rejection or infection?

A

Biopsy

42
Q

Fever and infiltrates after a lung transplant could be?

A

Infection

Rejection

43
Q

What does lung transplant rejection show on biopsy?

A

Mononuclear infiltrates around vessels

44
Q

Mononuclear infiltrates around vessels suggests?

A

Rejection of lung transplantation

45
Q

What 2 organisms are commonly to blame for infections after a lung transplantation?

A

Zygomycosis

Cytomegalovirus

2 - CPR (pulmonary) (26 decks)

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