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Bacteriology & Mycology > Respiratory Infections V (29) > Flashcards

Respiratory Infections V (29) Flashcards

Dr. Erol

1
Q

______ of cattle is an entity within the BRD complex, characterized clinically by acute bronchopneumonia with toxemia

A

Pneumonic pasteurellosis of cattle

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2
Q

What is the causative agent of shipping fever?

A

mannheimia haemolytica serotype A1 and A6
pasteurella multocida serotype A3

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3
Q

What are signs of shipping fever?

A

acute respiratory disease
abnormal lung sounds
fever
toxemia
anorexia
sudden death

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4
Q

What do shipping fever lesions look like?

A

acute fibrohemorrhagic pneumonia, frequently with pleuritis

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5
Q

What is the most bacterial pathogen in weaned calves?

A

mannheimia haemolytica serotype A1 and A6

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6
Q

What is pasteruella multocida serotype A3?

A

commonly isolated from the lower respiratory tract of younger calves with respiratory disease

opportunistic pathogens and rely on predisposing mechanisms allowing the bacteria to enter and colonize lungs produce toxins

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7
Q

What are stressors of shipping fever?

A

transportation
co-mingling go groups of cattle from different sources
confinement of cattle
ineffective housing and ventilation
extreme temperature changes
weaning
processing procedures

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8
Q

What are the properties of pasteurellaceae?

A

small gram-negative, bipolar rods
some have capsules
non-motile, oxidase-positive

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9
Q

What pasteurella types cause atrophic rhinitis in pigs?

A

pasteurella multocida

types A and D

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10
Q

What is pasteurella multocida type A in cattle associated with?

A

bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis

enzootic pneumonic complex of calves

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11
Q

Shipping fever is most common in _____

A

young growing cattle from 6 months - 2 years of age

all age groups are susceptible

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12
Q

Calves that are non-immune to ____ and its leukotoxin are more susceptible than those

A

that have serum-neutralizing antibodies

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13
Q

Bovine respiratory disease is divided into two categories:

A

enzootic calf pneumonia - p. multocida
shipping fever - m. haemolyticum

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14
Q

What is the most common illness among cattle in US feedlots?

A

bovine respiratory disease

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15
Q

Regarding bovine respiratory disease, what other bacteria has co-infection?

A

mycoplasma spp.
histophilus somni
bibersteinia trehalosi

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16
Q

What is characteristic of shipping fever?

A

development of lobar fibrinopurulent bronchopneumonia

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17
Q

What are the virulence factors for m. haemolytica and p. multocida?

A

surface proteins and carbohydrates
toxins and extracellular enzymes - leukotoxin of m. haemolytica

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18
Q

How do you diagnose shipping fever?

A

bacteriology - culture
histology - formalin fixed lung

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19
Q

How do you control and prevent shipping fever?

A

reduce stressors

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20
Q

What is metaphylaxis?

A

long-acting antibiotics such as oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, florfenicol, gamithromycin, tildipirosin

reduces morbidity and improve rate of gain and, in some cases, reduce mortality

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21
Q

T/F: There is a modified-live vaccine for shipping fever complex

A

TRUE - for viral antigens and for bacterial components

may not have adequate time to stimulate immunity

give 2-3 weeks before transport

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22
Q

What are the causative agents of atrophic rhinitis?

A

infection with toxigenic pasteurella multocida types D and A

23
Q

Regarding atrophic rhinitis, co-infection with ______ happens

A

brodetella bronchiseptica

24
Q

What are signs of atrophic rhinitis?

A

coughing
sneezing
severe cases: nasal bleeding and poor growth

25
Q

Atrophic rhinitis is characterized by sneezing, followed by atrophy of ______, which may be accompanied by _____

A

the turbinate bones
may be accompanied by distortion of the nasal septum and shortening or twisting of the upper jaw

26
Q

What are the types of atrophic rhinitis?

A

non-progressive atrophic rhinitis

progressive atrophic rhinitis

27
Q

What causes non-progressive atrophic rhinitis?

A

bordetella bronchiseptica - mild and transient, little effect on growth and performance

28
Q

What causes progressive atrophic rhinitis?

A

due to toxigenic pastuerella multicida, is severe and permanent, usually accompanied by poor growth

29
Q

Outbreaks of atrophic rhinitis usually follow either _____ or ______

A

introduction of infected pigs

mixing of pigs from different sources

30
Q

What are virulence factors for atrophic rhinitis?

A

PMT toxin for type D
adhesions
iron acquisition systems
endotoxin

31
Q

What is the PMT toxin for type D regarding atrophic rhinitis?

A

cytoskeletal rearrangement and growth of fibroblasts

32
Q

What are acute signs of atrophic rhinitis?

A

sneezing
coughing
inflammation of the lacrimal duct

33
Q

In severe cases of atrophic rhinitis, what can occur?

A

nasal hemorrhage

34
Q

In atrophic rhinitis, what happens if the lacrimal ducts become occluded?

A

tear stains then appear below the medial acanthi of the eyes

35
Q

Outbreaks of atrophic rhinitis frequently impair ________

A

growth rate and feed conversion

36
Q

The severity of atrophic rhinitis in a herd depends largely on _____

A

the presence of toxigenic strains of p. multocida

management practices

immune status of the herd

37
Q

How do you diagnose atrophic rhinitis?

A

clinical signs
microbial culture of toxigenic

p. multocida - the presence of toxigenic strains of p. multocida should be confirmed

PCR

38
Q

Infection of atrophic rhinitis is best prevented with _____

A

bacterin-toxoid mixtures

intranasal vaccine using modified-live strains of B. bronchiseptica is also available for young pigs

39
Q

What is the causative agent of pneumonia in foals?

A

rhodococcus equi

40
Q

What are the characteristics of rhodococcus equi?

A

aerobic, gram-positive coccobacillus

catalase-positive

41
Q

On blood agar, what are the characteristic things you see regarding rhodococcus equi?

A

mucoid, salmon pink-colored colonies on blood agar

42
Q

R. equi does not produce hemolysis on blood agar, but it gives synergistic hemolysis with ______. Why?

A

s. aureus

r. equi produces a factor which completely lyses the red cells previously damaged by the beta-hemolysin of s. aureus, producing a spade-shaped pattern of complete hemolysis ihich extends across the streak of s. aureus

43
Q

What is the spade-shape pattern rhodococcus equi produces? With what bacteria?

A

spade-shaped pattern

s. aureus

44
Q

What is the natural habitat of r. equi?

A

has simple growth requirements so is capable in surviving herbivore manure and high environment temps

45
Q

What does rhodococcus equi cause pathology-wise?

A

pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia
ulcerative colitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis
osteomyelitis

46
Q

A foal was sick and upon necropsy, there were cranioventral abscesses, along with multifocal pyogranulomatous pneumonia. What is the causative agent and disease?

A

pneumonia of foals

rhodococcus equi

47
Q

Necropsy revealed mesenteric abscesses and joint infections. Salomon-pink colonies appear on blood agar. What is the causative agent and disease?

A

pneumonia of foals

rhodococcus equi

48
Q

Virulence of r. equi from foals is associated with what?

A

a surface-expressed, VapA (virulence-associated protein)

49
Q

VapA of rhodococcus equi is highly ______ and associated with pathogenicity and survival in phagocytic cells

A

immunogenic

50
Q

Regarding rhodoccus equi pathogenesis, _______ may determine resistance to intracellular killing (and to persist inside the host)

A

chain length of the cell wall of mycolic acids

51
Q

Infection of r. equi occurs with _______

A

heavy environmental challenge in foals with

low levels of maternally-derived antibodies

52
Q

How do you diagnose rhodococcus equi?

A

transtracheal aspirates or bronchoalveolar lavage samples - bracteriologic culture

PCR diagnosis

53
Q

How do you control and prevent rhodococcus equi?

A

sick foals should be isolated

macrolides (clarithromycin or azithromycin) and rifampin

passive immunoprophylaxis - administrate hyper-immune plasma at 2-3 weeks of age

Bacteriology & Mycology (39 decks)

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