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Bacteriology & Mycology > Infections of the Hemolymphatic System II (34) > Flashcards

Infections of the Hemolymphatic System II (34) Flashcards

Dr. Erol

1
Q

What is caseous lymphadenitis?

A

a chronic, contagious bacterial disease that manifests clinically as abscesses or peripheral and/or internal lymph nodes and organs

sheep and goats

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2
Q

What is the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis?

A

corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis - NON-nitrate

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3
Q

What is characteristic of caseous lymphadenitis?

A

purulent material - very thick and non-odorous

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4
Q

Internal caseous lymphadenitis typically manifests as _______

A

chronic weight loss and ill thrift

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5
Q

A goat has abscesses of peripheral and internal lymph nodes and organs. Gram-stain showed these. What is the causative agent and disease?

A

caseous lymphadenitis

corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of corynebacterium species?

A

pleomorphic - Chinese characters

urease positive

lesions characterized by suppuration

many are commensals on mucus membranes

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7
Q

What are the types of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis? Assign host to each

A

non nitrate-reducing - sheep, goats

nitrate-reducing biotype - horse, cattle

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8
Q

What is the disease condition of non-nitrate-reducing c. pseudotuberculosis? Nitrate-reducing?

A

non-nitrate reducing: caseous lymphadenitis

nitrate-reducing: ulcerative lymphangitis, abscesses

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9
Q

What is this a culture of?

A

corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

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10
Q

Describe caseous lymphadenitis - species, etc

A
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11
Q

To establish infection, c. pseudotuberculosis must ________

A

penetrate skin or mucous membranes

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12
Q

What is the most common site of entry for corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis - non-nitrate?

A

skin after an injury that may result from shearing, tagging, tail docking, or other environmental hazards resulting in skin trauma

can also be inhalation or ingestion

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13
Q

Once corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis enters the body, it moves _____

A

to the lymph nodes via the regional draining lymphatic system

establish infection not only in lymph nodes but also in the viscera

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14
Q

What are the two forms of caseous lymphadenitis?

A

superficial form
visceral form

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15
Q

Describe superficial form of caseous lymphadenitis

A

involves abscessed and enlarged lymph nodes that are located closest to the skin surface

lymph nodes around hear and lymph nodes near origin of limbs are affected

more common in goats

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16
Q

Describe visceral form of caseous lymphadenitis

A

involves abscesses of the internal organs and lymph nodes and is often associated with long term debilitation

organs most likely to be affected are the lungs and associated lymph nodes, kidney, liver, and mesenteric lymph nodes

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17
Q

What are clinical signs of caseous lymphadenitis?

A

initially affected lymph nodes are enlarged and when the infection becomes chronic, exhibit characteristic encapsulated abscesses which have an onion ring appearance in cross-section

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18
Q

In caseous lymphadenitis, the abscess material is _____, initially greenish and later puffy-colored

A

caseous

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19
Q

A goat has caseous lymphadenitis lesions. What is the causative agent and disease?

A

corneybacterium pseudotuberculosis

caseous lymphadenitis

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20
Q

The prefemoral lymph node of a goat is infected, and caseous lymphadenitis is suspected. What is the specific form and causative agent?

A

superficial form

corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

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21
Q

What form of caseous lymphadenitis is this?

A

superficial - affecting submandibular lymph nodes

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22
Q

What form of caseous lymphadenitis is this?

A

visceral form

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23
Q

What is this person doing? What is the causative agent?

A

draining caseous lymphadenitis abscess

corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

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24
Q

What form of caseous lymphadenitis is this?

A

visceral form

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25
Q

C. pseudotuberculosis is a [facultative/obligate] [extraceullar/intracellular] capable of surviving and replicating in phagocytes

A

facultative intracellular

26
Q

Virulence of caseous lymphadenitis is associated with ______

A

cell wall lipid and an exotoxin: phospholipase D

27
Q

What is phospholipase D?

A

appears to be leukotoxic, that can damage endothelial cells and promote spread from the initial site of infection to regional lymph nodes and visceral organs

28
Q

The chemical composition of c. pseudotuberculosis cell wall enables the organism to resist ______

A

being killed by phagocytes

29
Q

How do you diagnose corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis?

A

direct microscopic examination to see coryneform pleomorphism

ELISAs

30
Q

How do you control and prevent caseous lymphadenitis?

A
31
Q

What is pigeon breast or pigeon fever in horses?

A

ulcerative lymphangitis

32
Q

What is the causative agent of ulcerative lymphangitis? Species?

A

nitrate-reducing

horses and cattle

33
Q

What does ulcerative lymphangitis present as?

A

lymphangitis or abscessation in the pectoral region

34
Q

What are the characteristics of ulcerative lymphangitis?

A
35
Q

What is the causative agent of erysipelas?

A

erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

36
Q

What are clinical manifestations of erysipelas in swine?

A
37
Q

How do you diagnose erysipelas?

A

bacterial culture from fresh tissues, blood, or by molecular testing

38
Q

How do you treat erysipelas?

A

susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics and penicillin

vaccines - help prevent acute disease

39
Q

What are the characteristics of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A

gram-positive, non-motile
coagulase-positive

40
Q

Microscopy shows erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. What is the disease?

A

erysipelas

41
Q

Where does erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae commonly reside? How are they shed?

A

tonsillar tissue

shed in feces or oronasal secretions

42
Q

How are pigs infected by erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A

ingestion of contaminated feed, water, or feces and through skin abrasions

43
Q

What is the epidemiology of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A
44
Q

Erysipelas in pigs is seen mainly in ____ pigs and characterized clinically by ______

A

growing pigs

sudden death, fever, arthritis, skin lesions

45
Q

What are the forms of erysipelas?

A

septicemic form
cutaneous form
arthritis
vegetative endocarditis

46
Q

What are the acute forms of erysipelas in pigs?

A

septicemic form
cutaneous form

47
Q

What are the chronic form of erysipelas in pigs?

A

arthritis
vegetative endocarditis

48
Q

The [chronic/acute] form of erysipelas in pigs has the most economic losses

A

chronic

49
Q

What is diamond skin disease?

A

the urticarial form of erysipelas

50
Q

Diamond skin lesions may be due to the ______

A

deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in the subcutaneous vasculature

with subsequent thrombus formation

51
Q

A pig is on the brink of death and has fever, diamond-shaped skin lesions, and arthritis. Gram stain revealed gram-positive filaments. What is the causative agent and disease?

A

erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

erysipelas

52
Q

What is this image showing?

A

H2S production along stab line in TSI agar of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

53
Q

Older pigs of erysipelas may experience ____, characterized by chronic, proliferative, _______

A

arthritis
non-suppurative polysynovitis and polyarthritis

54
Q

What is erysipelas in birds?

A

mainly seen as an acute septicemia

55
Q

Which bird species is most affected erysipelas in birds?

A

turkeys

56
Q

What are characteristic of erysipelas in birds?

A

dark-colored swollen snoods

57
Q

A turkey has acute septicemia and has dark-colored swollen snoods. What is the causative agent and disease?

A

erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

erysipelas

58
Q

In humans, erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection is called _____. Infection leads to _______

A

erysipeloid

erythematous swelling at the site of entry, often followed by ulceration

59
Q

What is pathognomonic of erysipelas in pigs?

A

diamond-shaped skin lesions

60
Q

How do you diagnose erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A
61
Q

What is treatment for erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A
62
Q

How do you control erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

A

Bacteriology & Mycology (39 decks)

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