Infections of the Urogenital System II (14) - End E1 Flashcards
Infections of the Urogenital System I (13) is above
What does leptospirosa resemble?
question mark
What are the properties of Leptospira?
gram-negative but stain poorly
need darkfield or stain contrast
serologically and epidemiologically diverse
persists in renal tubules or genital tract of animals
Does Leptospira replicate in the environment?
no - only in the host
What is detrimental for leptospira?
high temperature
acidic pH
What favors growth of leptospira?
ambient temperature
near neutral pH
Where in the body does leptospira persist in?
renal tubules or genital tract of carrier infections
Who are the main sources of infection with Leptospira?
carrier animals/rodents are the main sources of infections
How do infected animals spread leptospira?hosts that become
shed through urine and contaminate environment
What is direct and indirect transmission of leptospira?
direct: contaminate urine, venereal or trans-placental transfer
indirect: contaminated water (ponds, river, moist, soil, etc)
contaminated environment
What is the maintenance host for leptospira?
hosts that become long-term (asymptomatic) carriers and sources for transmission
What is an incidental host of leptospira?
hosts that acquire infection from carriers, leading to ACUTE disease
How does leptospira invade the body?
intact mucous membranes of mouth, nose, or eyes
abraded, scratched, or water-softened skin
How does leptospira multiply?
spreads to many tissues like kidneys, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, genital tract, CNS
virulence of different serovars and susceptibility of host species
What are virulence factors for leptospira?
adhesions - LipL32, LenA-F
factor H-binding proteins - Len proteins, etc
hemolysin
LPS
In leptospira, _______ colonization occurs in most infected animals
renal
replicates and persists in renal tubular epithelium
Leptospirosis is also called an _____
occupational disease of soldiers
A man comes in to the hospital with jaundice and pulmonary hemorrhage. What could have caused this?
leptospira spp.
What is the most acute form of canine leptospirosis? What are the symptoms?
affects mainly puppies with few clinical signs
fever, blood-stained feces, hemorrhages in mucous membranes, epistaxis
high mortality
What is the uremic type of canine leptospirosis? What are the symptoms?
mainly affects the kidneys
anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, polyuria, polydipsia, fever
What is the icteric type of canine leptospirosis?
focal hepatic necrosis
icterus, mild-moderate hypoalbuminemia
What form of canine leptospirosis is this?
icteric type - icterus means jaundice
How does canine leptospirosis affect the lung and kidney?
lung: petechiae are scattered throughout the lung
kidney: cortex has a pale mottled to striated appearance consistent with tubulointerstitial nephritis
How does leptospirosis manifest in cattle and sheep?
replacement heifers may develop acute disease with pyrexia and agalactia
abortions
What happens in leptospirosis in horses? What disease?
abortions and renal diseases in young horses
equine recurrent uveitis (moon blindness)
If an animal has leptospirosis, what should you see to be increased on a blood profile?
increased BUN and creatinine: 90% of animals
What is the most common test to diagnose leptospirosis?
microscopic agglutination test (MAT)
In an UNvaccinated dog, what is considered positive?
a single high titer
What is preferred in diagnosing leptospirosis?
have a rising antibody titer (look for 4-fold rise in 2-4 week interval)
What is detected in PCR if positive for leptospirosis? Which tissues/fluids?
qPCR lipl32
urine, blood, eye fluids, tissues
A dog is vomiting and lethargic and has icterus especially on his paws. A liver impression smear of a dog is shown. What is the bacterium in this smear?
leptospira spp. (canicola serovar)
