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Bacteriology & Mycology > Eye & Ear Infections I (8) > Flashcards

Eye & Ear Infections I (8) Flashcards

1
Q

In dogs, eye infections are generally caused by

A
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2
Q

In cats, eye infections are generally caused by

A
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3
Q

In horses, eye infections are generally caused by

A
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4
Q

What is infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK)?

A

pink eye or New Forest disease

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5
Q

What is the principal pathogen for infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis?

A

moraxella bovis

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6
Q

Moraxella bovis is [not/highly] contagious and affects what structures of the eyes of animals under 2 years of age?

A

highly

affects superficial structures of the eyes

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7
Q

What are some external effects that moraxella bovis cause?

A

economic losses

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8
Q

T/F: Any animal is susceptible to moraxella bovis at any age

A

FALSE - there is age-related immunity with moraxella bovis

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9
Q

List the places asymptomatic carriers harbor M. bovis

A

nasolacrimal ducts
nasopharynx
vagina

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10
Q

How does moraxella bovis spread?

A

direct contact
aerosols
through flies

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11
Q

What is the morphology of m. bovis?

A

short gram-negative rods

usually in pairs

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12
Q

M. bovis is [aerobic/anaerobic]

A

aerobic

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13
Q

Describe what m. bovis does

A

proteolytic

virulent strains are fimbriated and hemolytic

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14
Q

M. bovis is usually catalase-[positive/negative] and oxidase-[positive/negative]

A

positive for both

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15
Q

What likely caused this?

A

M. equi

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16
Q

Where is moraxella bovis found?

A

found on mucus membranes of carrier cattle

17
Q

Where can moraxella bovis survive up to 72 hours in?

A

salivary organs or body surfaces of flies

18
Q

What can act as vectors in M. bovis?

A

flies

19
Q

What are clinical signs of IBK (Infectious Bovine Keratoconjuncitivitis)?

A
20
Q

Who is more susceptible to IBK?

A

young cattle
Bos taurus breeds
fly activity
ocular irritants
concurrent infections
vitamin deficiency

21
Q

What is the pathogenesis of IBK?

A

virulence factors:
fimbriae - adherence to the cornea, stimulate type-specific protective immunity

hemolysin: damages cell membranes of neutrophils

etc

22
Q

What should you be mindful of when diagnosing m. bovis?

A

organism is extremely fragile

23
Q

For M. bovis, colonies of virulent strains are _____ and embedded in ______

A

hemolytic
agar

24
Q

How can M. bovoculi be differentiated from M. bovis?

A

based on positive phenylalanine deaminase test

25
Q

How do you treat M. bovis?

A

use of antimicrobials
two injections of long-acting oxytetracycline
eyepatches
control of flies
vitamin A

26
Q

What is otitis externa? Which species is it a common problem in?

A

inflammation of the external ear canal

dogs and cats

27
Q

How do you diagnose otitis externa?

A

otoscopic examination

cytology

culture

28
Q

What are the primary causes of otitis externa?

A

alter the environment in the ear, often allowing a secondary infection to develop

allergies
parasites
etc

29
Q

What are the secondary causes of otitis externa?

A

create disease in an abnormal ear

these are often chronic/recurrent problems when the primary cause is not addressed

30
Q

What are predisposing factors to otitis externa?

A

increase risk of developing otitis externa

31
Q

Otitis externa in dogs due to yeast infection is caused by what?

A

lipophilic yeasts belonging to the genus Malassezia

32
Q

In dogs, malassezia pachydermatis also causes _____

A

seborrheic dermatitis

33
Q

What are clinical signs of otitis externa in dogs?

A

head shaking
pruritis
offensive odor

34
Q

A dog is shaking its head, and a strong odor is being emitted from the ear. What is a likely cause of these signs?

A

otitis externa

35
Q

Malassezia spp. are members of the _____ of animals and are ______ pathogens

A

normal flora

opportunistic

36
Q

What are common sites for M. pachydermitis?

A

skin
lips
anus
vagina
anal sacs
external ear canal of dogs

37
Q

What are predisposing factors for otitis externa - yeast?

A
38
Q

What is the most effective diagnosis for malassezia infections?

A

cytologic exam - “shoe print” or peanut-shaped cells

39
Q

What is common in secondary bacterial otitis externa?

A

staphylococci or streptococci
rod-shaped usually p. aeruginosa, E. coli, or proteus mirabilis

Bacteriology & Mycology (39 decks)

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