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Bacteriology & Mycology > Infections of the Hemolymphatic System I (33) > Flashcards

Infections of the Hemolymphatic System I (33) Flashcards

Dr. Erol

1
Q

What is the morphology of rickettsiales order?

A

small, non-motile, pleomorphic, gram-NEGATIVE bacteria

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2
Q

What kind of pathogens are rickettsiales?

A

obligate intracellular pathogens - which replicate only in host cells

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3
Q

Order rickettsiales are ____-specific

A

host

and have tropism

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4
Q

Order rickettsiales demonstrated in blood smears by ______

A

romanowsky stains

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5
Q

What are the two families in the order rickettsiales?

A

family anaplasmataceae
family rickettsiaceae

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6
Q

What are the features of family anaplasmataceae?

A

lack cell walls, possess cell membranes

have NOT been cultured in vitro

tropism for cells of hemopoietic system

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7
Q

What are the features of family rickettsiaceae?

A

cell walls contain peptidoglycan

cultured in specific cell lines or in fertile eggs

tropism for vascular endothelium

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8
Q

The genus neorickettsia belongs to the family ______

A

anaplasmataceae

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9
Q

What are properties of genus neorickettsia?

A

found within vacuoles of monocytes, macrophages in lymphoid tissues, and occasionally in enterocytes

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10
Q

Who serves as vectors for the genus neorickettsia?

A

flukes! - all stages infectious

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11
Q

What is the causative agent of salmon poisoning disease?

A

neorickettsia heminthoeca, a gram-negative pleomorphic cocci

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12
Q

What is salmon poisoning disease?

A

acute systemic disease of canids, caused by neorickettsia heminthoeca

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13
Q

Salmon poisoning disease is characerized by what?

A

fever, anorexia, weakness, weight loss, and lymphadenopathy

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14
Q

How do you treat salmon poisoning disease?

A

doxycycline

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15
Q

What is the only obligate helminth-borne pathogenic bacterium?

A

Salmon Poisoning Disease

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16
Q

How are canines infected with nanophyetus salminocola to get Salmon Poisoning Disease?

A

canine mononuclear cells infected

ingest salmonid fish encysted with fluke

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17
Q

Who does Salmon Poisoning Disease normally affect?

A

canids but sometimes other animals

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18
Q

Salmon Poisoning Disease - acute are characterized by _____

A

fever
depression
anorexia
diarrhea
lymphadenopathy

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19
Q

How do you diagnose Salmon Poisoning Disease?

A

fluke eggs in feces
compatible clinical signs
travel to US Pacific coast
demonstration of organisms in LN aspirates
serology

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20
Q

A dog became ill with diarrhea and lymphadenopathy. He recently was playing in a river located in the US Pacific Northwest. What is the causative agent and disease?

A

Salmon Poisoning Disease
neorickettsia helminthoeca

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21
Q

What is this?

A

infected metacercaria in fish kidney

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22
Q

What is the causative agent of elokomin fluke fever?

A

believed to be cause by a less virulent strain of N. helminthoeca (neorickettsia elokominica)

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23
Q

Incubation is slightly longer in neorickettsia [helminthoeca/elokominica]

A

neorickettsia elokominica

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24
Q

Compare salmon poisoning disease and elokomin fluke fever?

A

SPD: misleading, NO TOXIN

EFF: acute infectious disease of canids, ferrets, bears, and raccoons that resembles SPD but has a wider host range

25
Q

What is the only way to distinguish between SPD and EFF?

A

PCR - using specific primer pairs

26
Q

What is the causative agent of Potomac Horse Fever?

A

neorickettsia risticii

27
Q

N. risticii lifecycle involves a _______

A

trematode vector and snail reservoir

28
Q

What is Potomac Horse Fever?

A

acute diarrheic illness of equids, also known as equine monocytic ehrlichiosis or equine scours

29
Q

The primary clinical sign of Potomac Horse Fever is ______

A

acute watery diarrhea

30
Q

Potomac Horse Fever has an affinity for ______

A

monocytes
macrophages
intestinal epithelial cells

31
Q

How do you control Potomac Horse Fever?

A

several inactivated, whole-cell vaccines based on the same strain of N. risticii

32
Q

What are characteristics of genus anaplasma?

A

found within vacuoles of monocytes, neutrophils, erythrocytes

33
Q

The vectors for genus anaplasma are usually _____

A

ticks

34
Q

What is the causative agent of Bovine Anaplasmosis?

A

a. marginale

35
Q

How is Bovine Anaplasmosis transmitted?

A

by ticks in genera boophilus, dermacentor, ixodes, or rhipicephalus

mechanical transmission

36
Q

In bovine anaplasmosis, there is persistent infection of ______

A

erythrocytes

37
Q

What are clinical signs of Bovine Anaplasmosis?

A

progressive anemia and fever with disease severity age-dependent

38
Q

Who, regarding bovine anaplasmosis, shows mild or no symptoms?

A

calves less than 1 year

39
Q

What are effective treatments for Bovine Anaplasmosis?

A

tetracyclines and imidocarb

40
Q

Acute disease of Bovine Anaplasmosis is characterized by ______

A

severe anemia, pale mucus membranes, and lethargy

41
Q

Severity of Bovine Anaplasmosis is related directly to ______

A

the proportion of the erythrocyte mass destroyed

42
Q

A bovine blood smear revealed basophilic-appearing intracellular organisms located near the margin of erythrocytes. What is the causative agent and disease?

A

Bovien Anaplasmosis

a. marginale

43
Q

Genus ehrlichia is found _____

A

within vacuoles of mononuclear, polymorophonuclear leukocytes, and endothelial cells

44
Q

What are the vectors for genus ehrlichia?

A

ticks

45
Q

What are the two species of ehrlichiosis?

A

ehrlichia canis
ehrlichia ewingii

46
Q

What is the causative agent of Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME)?

A

ehrlichia canis

47
Q

What is the primary arthropod vector of Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis? What kind of transmission?

A

rhipicephalus sanguineus - the brown dog tick

trans-stadial transmission

48
Q

A German shepherd is experiencing severe ehrlichiosis like fever and thrombocytopenia. What is the causative agent and disease?

A

Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis
ehrlichia canis

49
Q

A dog is experiencing widespread petechia, fever, and splenomegaly. What is the causative agent and disease?

A

ehrlichia canis

Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis

50
Q

What is the causative agent of Canine Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis?

A

ehrlichia ewingii

51
Q

What is the tick vector for Canine Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis?

A

amblyomma americanum (Lonestar tick)

52
Q

T/F: Canine Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis is clinically similar to the acute phase of CME but generally more self-limiting

A

TRUE

53
Q

What is the causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

rickettsia rickettsia

54
Q

RMSF causes disease primarily attributable to _______

A

vasculitis

55
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is primarily transmitted through [ingestion/bites] of ticks

A

bites

56
Q

What are the primary vectors for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

dermacentor variabilis
dermacentor andersoni

also sometimes rhipicephalus sanguineus

57
Q

What is the transmission cycle of rickettsia ricketsii?

A

transovarial and transstadial transmission

58
Q

What are clinical signs of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

fever, anorexia
lymphadenopathy
polyarthritis
coughing or dyspnea
abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea
edema of face of extremities

59
Q

A dog in its early stage had focal retinal hemorrhage and developed petechial hemorrhages when the disease progressed. It also had lymphadenopathy and was in contact with rodents. What is the disease and causative agent?

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

rickettsia rickettsii - dermacentor variabilis and d. andersoni

Bacteriology & Mycology (39 decks)

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