Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
when beta 2 adrenergic receptors are activated…
it promotes relaxation
when muscarinic cholinergic receptors are activated they?
cause the cell to contract
beta 2 adrenergic agonists prototype?
salbutamol
anticholinergics prototype?
ipratropium bromide (atrovent)
xanthine derivatives prototypes?
theophylline/Aminophylline
inhaled glucocorticoid prototypes?
budesonide and fluticasone
leukotriene modifier prototype?
montelukast
when is salbutamol used?
for acute attacks
is salbutamol selective or nonselective?
selective for B2 receptors
what are common adverse effects with all beta 2 agonists?
tachycardia, tremors, restlessness and insomnia
what are common care implications regarding beta agonists?
avoiding smoking and ensuring adequate fluid intake to thin secretions
ipratropium bromide is used to?
prevent bronchoconstriction
what is a common adverse effect of ipratropium bromide?
dry mouth or throat due to inhibition of PNS
major adverse effects of theophylline and aminophylline ?
palpitations, sinus tachycardia and ventricular dysrhythmias
drug interaction that causes increased effects of theophylline and aminophylline?
ciprofloxacin
what causes decreased effects of xanthines?
St. Johns wort (increases metabolism)
dietary interactions that lower blood levels of xanthines
high protein and low carb diets and charcoal BBQing
inhaled glucocorticoids are used for?
chronic asthma and COPD
Oral/IV glucocorticoids are used for?
severe/short-term treatment of asthma and COPD
what is a major adverse effect of inhaled glucocorticoids ?
oral fungal infections. Prevent by rinsing mouth out with water after use
what do leukotrienes cause?
inflammation, bronchoconstriction and mucous production
montelukast is used for?
prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma in adults and children
montelukast is approved in Canada for children ages?
2 and older
when should improvement be seen when taking leukotriene modifiers?
1 day to 1 week
