Antiviral Agents Flashcards
what is the best response to a viral infection?
a competent immune system
most common way antivirals work?
inhibiting their ability to replicate in a host cell
antiretroviral drugs
used to treat retroviruses like HIV
Reverse transcriptase
enzyme found in retrovirus that is used to transcribe RNA into DNA
Integrase
Viral enzyme that allows viral DNA to integrate into the DNA of the host DNA
Protease
transforms the HIV into a functional form and allows it to undergo final maturation
Ziduvodine is a
reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ziduvodine is an analog of:
thymidine
mechanism of ziduvodine
blocks activity of reverse transcriptase, preventing production of new DNA from viral DNA
ziduvodine is also called
AZT (azidothymidine)
Ziduvodine can?
increase CD4 counts and decrease viral load
adverse effects of ziduvodine
bone marrow suppression which causes anemia and neutropenia
Ritonivir (Norvir) is a
protease inhibitor
mechanism of Ritonivir (norvir)
inhibits protease which prevents viral replication and maturation of particles
ritonavir (norvir) and Ziduvodine (AZT) are used to treat
HIV
important thing to note about Ritonavir
there are many drug interactions!!!
Use of oseltamivir
can shorten duration and severity or influenza A and B
Mechanism of oseltamivir
inhibits the viral enzyme neuraminidase which is needed for viral replication. Viral particles are unable to bud off of host cell membrane
When should treatment of Oseltamivir begin?
no longer than 2 days after symptom onset (ideally within 12 hours)
acyclovir is a
DNA polymerase inhibitor
Acyclovir is used to treat?
herpesvirus (chicken pox and shingles)
mechanism of acyclovir?
stops viral DNA synthesis, acyclovir stops further strand growth by inhibiting DNA polymerase.
Ganciclovir is used to treat
CMV
Mechanism of ganciclovir
Supresses replication of viral DNA by inhibiting DNA polymerase and inserting itself into the growing polypeptide chain
