Diabetes Mellitus Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Type 1 DM is defined by?

A

lack of insulin production

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2
Q

Type 2 DM is defined by?

A

insulin resistance

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3
Q

what is the main diagnostic test for DM?

A

HbA1C

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4
Q

What is the onset of rapid acting insulin?

A

10-15 mins

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5
Q

When does the peak of action of rapid acting insulin occur?

A

60-90 mins

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6
Q

what is the duration of action of rapid acting insulin?

A

3-5 hours

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7
Q

what is the prototype of rapid acting insulins?

A

insulin lispro (humalog)

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8
Q

Rapid acting insulins are taken…?

A

with each meal

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9
Q

what is the onset of short acting insulin?

A

30-60 mins

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10
Q

what is the peak of short acting insulin?

A

2-3 hours

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11
Q

what is the duration of short acting insulin?

A

6-7 hours

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12
Q

what is the prototype of short acting insulin?

A

regular insulin (Humulin R or Novalin R)

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13
Q

what is the onset of intermediate acting insulin?

A

1-3 hours

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14
Q

what is the peak of intermediate acting insulin?

A

5-8 hours

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15
Q

what is the duration of intermediate acting insulin?

A

10-18 hours

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16
Q

what is the prototype of intermediate acting insulin?

17
Q

which type of insulin normally has a cloudy appearance?

18
Q

which type of insulin has no peak?

A

long acting (Insulin glargine)

19
Q

which types of insulin are given as basal therapy?

A

intermediate and long acting insulins

20
Q

what can happen if someone is given too much insulin?

A

hypoglycemia

21
Q

what is the main adverse effect of insulin?

A

hypoglycemia

22
Q

what are the early signs of hypoglycaemia?

A

irritable, headache, sweating, shaky and tremors, and pale

23
Q

what interaction can increase the hypoglycemic effect of insulins?

A

beta blockers

24
Q

what can reduce the effect of insulin?

A

glucocorticoids

25
insulin orders are always ?
double checked with another RN
26
what do insulin secretagogues do?
they increase insulin production in type 2 DM. Make pancreas secrete more insulin.
27
what is the prototype of insulin secretagogues (sulphonylureas)?
glyburide
28
what is the prototype of Thiazolidinediones?
rosiglitadone
29
whats the most common oral drug for DM?
metformin
30
what does metformin do?
1. decreases hepatic glucose production | 2. increases tissue sensitivity to insulin (increases uptake of glucose)
31
what does metformin NOT do?
it does not increase insulin secretion from the pancreas and therefore will not cause hypoglycaemia.
32
when should metformin be taken?
with meals to settle GI upset.
33
how does glyburide work?
stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and improves sensitivity to insulin
34
when is glyburide taken?
with breakfast
35
what is the most common adverse effect of glyburide?
hypoglycaemia
36
which drugs are referred to as Insulin sensitizing agents?
Thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone)
37
what is an example of a incretin memetic?
exenatide
38
what is an example of a DPP-4 enzyme inhibitors?
sitagliptin