Diabetes Mellitus Drugs Flashcards
Type 1 DM is defined by?
lack of insulin production
Type 2 DM is defined by?
insulin resistance
what is the main diagnostic test for DM?
HbA1C
What is the onset of rapid acting insulin?
10-15 mins
When does the peak of action of rapid acting insulin occur?
60-90 mins
what is the duration of action of rapid acting insulin?
3-5 hours
what is the prototype of rapid acting insulins?
insulin lispro (humalog)
Rapid acting insulins are taken…?
with each meal
what is the onset of short acting insulin?
30-60 mins
what is the peak of short acting insulin?
2-3 hours
what is the duration of short acting insulin?
6-7 hours
what is the prototype of short acting insulin?
regular insulin (Humulin R or Novalin R)
what is the onset of intermediate acting insulin?
1-3 hours
what is the peak of intermediate acting insulin?
5-8 hours
what is the duration of intermediate acting insulin?
10-18 hours
what is the prototype of intermediate acting insulin?
NPH
which type of insulin normally has a cloudy appearance?
NPH
which type of insulin has no peak?
long acting (Insulin glargine)
which types of insulin are given as basal therapy?
intermediate and long acting insulins
what can happen if someone is given too much insulin?
hypoglycemia
what is the main adverse effect of insulin?
hypoglycemia
what are the early signs of hypoglycaemia?
irritable, headache, sweating, shaky and tremors, and pale
what interaction can increase the hypoglycemic effect of insulins?
beta blockers
what can reduce the effect of insulin?
glucocorticoids