Diuretics

Question 1

Diuretics are first line drugs for treatment of?

Answer 1

Heart failure and Hypertension

Question 2

example of a life threatening edematous state?

Answer 2

pulmonary edema

Question 3

Diuretics

Answer 3

drugs that accelerate the formation of urine

Question 4

excessive fluid loss

Answer 4

hypovolemia

Question 5

Furosemide is a

Answer 5

loop diuretic

Question 6

how do loop diuretics work?

Answer 6

inhibits sodium from leaving the loop of henle, this causes more water to be left in the tubule and therefore causes it to be excreted by urine

Question 7

loop diuretics are also called

Answer 7

high ceiling diuretics

Question 8

decreased fluid volume causes

Answer 8

reduced edema and reduced venous return which produced reduced cardiac output

Question 9

loop diuretics are mostly used for

Answer 9

edema associated with heart failure, or hepatic or renal disease

Question 10

loop diuretics can be used for hypertension but…?

Answer 10

they are not normally used as a blood pressure medication

Question 11

Furosemide is contraindicated in?

Answer 11

patients with a sulfonamide allergy because they are related structurally.

Question 12

furosemide is also called

Answer 12

Lasix

Question 13

Loop diuretics can cause

Answer 13

potassium depletion

Question 14

Normal range of K+

Answer 14

3.5-5 mmol/L

Question 15

Major adverse effect of furosemide

Answer 15

hypokalemia

Question 16

Hypokalemia symptoms (think muscle activity)

Answer 16

• irregular heartbeat
• muscle weakness/lethargy
• leg cramps
• GI disturbances

Question 17

patients using digoxin need to be monitored for

Answer 17

hypokalemia

Question 18

digoxin, like diuretics, is also used in?

Answer 18

heart failure

Question 19

digoxin is okay to use with furosemide as long as?

Answer 19

furosemide does not cause hypokalemia

Question 20

interactions of furosemide with diabetic patients

Answer 20

may decrease effectiveness of antidiabetic drugs and insulin cause hyperglycemia.

Question 21

Why is hydrochlorothiazide less powerful than furosemide?

Answer 21

Because hydochlorothiazide works on a different part of the tubule where less sodium is typically lost.

Question 22

where is the action of hydochlorothiazide?

Answer 22

in the distal convuluted tubule

Question 23

Hydrocholorthiazide mechanism of action?

Answer 23

• depletion of water and sodium

- lowered peripheral vascular resistance

Question 24

thiazide diuretics are also called low ceiling diuretics because?

Answer 24

the maximum amount of diuresis produced is less than loop diuretics, this is merely a consequence of where the drug acts

Question 25

drug effect of hydrochlorothiazide is reduced as

Answer 25

kidney function decreases

Question 26

if GFR decreases, you can use thiazide until?

Answer 26

the GFR reaches less than 30ml/min

Question 27

first line of treatment for hypertension?

Answer 27

hydrochlorothiazide

Question 28

thiazide diuretics are mainly used for

Answer 28

hypertension

Question 29

thiazide diuretics cannot be used when there is?

Answer 29

severe kidney failure (low GFR)

Question 30

adverse effects of thiazide

Answer 30

hypokalemia

Question 31

example of a K+ sparing diuretic

Answer 31

spironolactone

Question 32

spironolactone mechanism

Answer 32

aldosterone recepetor blocker

Question 33

aldosterone

Answer 33

promotes sodium reabsorption

Question 34

less sodium leaving tubule equals

Answer 34

more K+ staying in

Question 35

why does spironolactone have a slow onset (2-3 days)

Answer 35

inhibiting proteins and pumps takes time

Question 36

aldosterone receptor antagonist

Answer 36

spironolactone

Question 37

major contraindication of spironolactone?

Answer 37

hyperkalemia

Question 38

what to do if hyperkalemia results?

Answer 38

hold spironolactone

Question 39

hyperkalemia symptoms

Answer 39

• tachycardia

- muscle weakness

Question 40

spironolactone could have?

Answer 40

sex-hormone like effects

Question 41

teach clients to take diuretics in the?

Answer 41

morning

Question 42

teach clients to eat ______ foods during diuretic therapy?

Answer 42

potassium rich

Question 43

The more Na that stays in the tubules as a result of diuretic use..?

Answer 43

The more K+ that is lost. Na and K have opposite directions