Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Psychotherapies > Flashcards

Psychotherapies Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main drug used for anxiety?

A

Lorazepam (benzodiazepine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Benzodiazepines mechanism of action:

A

Enhance the effects of GABA resulting in reduced neuronal excitability and depress CNS activity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the main adverse effect of BZDs?

A

Decreased CNS activity (drowsiness, loss of coordination, dizziness, confusion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the prototype of SSRIs used for depression?

A

Sertraline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the advantage of SSRIs over TCAs and MAOIs?

A

they cause less effect on the cardiovascular system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 major side effects of SSRIs?

A

weight gain and sexual dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the prototype of SNRIs used for depression?

A

Venlafaxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which drugs are considered 2nd line for the treatment of depression?

A

TCAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are two examples of TCAs used for depression ?

A

Amitriptyline and Imipramine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Low doses of amitriptyline can be used for?

A

palliative (neuropathic) pain and migraine prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

TCAs block both….?

A

serotonin and NE reuptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which TCA is used for childhood enuresis?

A

Imipramine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

some of the adverse effects of TCAs (sedation, confusion and motor incoordination) will wear off in?

A

1-2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

TCAs have _______ effects

A

anticholinergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the anticholinergic effects of TCAs?

A

blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention, dry mouth and tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the most dangerous adverse effect of TCAs?

A

dysrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Are TCAs lethal in overdose?

A

yes, 70-80% of people die before reaching the hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What can you do for a TCA overdose?

A

there is no antidote for acute toxicity, but you can give activated charcoal to decrease drug absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which antidepressants are used when depression is not responsive to other drugs?

A

MAOIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the cheese effect?

A

a hypertensive crisis that occurs when MAOIs are taken with tyramine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the most common side effect of MAOIs?

A

orthostatic hypotension

22
Q

What must happen if a patient is switching from an SSRI to an MAOI?

A

there must be a 2-5 week wash out (drug free) period in between

23
Q

how long must the diet restriction be maintained when quitting MAOIs?

A

for 2 weeks

24
Q

the nurse should inform clients that it may take up to _______ to see therapeutic effects

A

2-4 weeks

25
Q

What is considered first line treatment for bipolar disorder?

A

Lithium

26
Q

what is important to note about lithium?

A

it has a very narrow therapeutic range

27
Q

Serum levels of lithium should range between?

A

0.4 to 0.5 mmol/L and less than 1.5 mmol/L

28
Q

When does lithium toxicity occur?

A

when serum lithium levels are more than 1.5 mmol/L

29
Q

What is a sign of lithium toxicity?

A

CNS effects

30
Q

Which drugs used for epilepsy are also used in bipolar disorder?

A

valproate and carbamazepine

31
Q

what is the hallmark of psychosis?

A

loss of contact with reality

32
Q

Antipsychotics are always used with?

A

caution

33
Q

What is an example of a first generation antipsychotic?

A

chlorpromazine (largactil)

34
Q

What is an example of a second generation antipsychotic?

A

Clozapine

35
Q

All typical antipsychotics are?

A

dopamine receptor antagonists

36
Q

What is the most serious adverse effect of typical antipsychotics?

A

motor disturbances (EPS)

37
Q

Why do atypical antipsychotics have less motor disturbances?

A

they have less effect on DA receptors than typical antipsychotics

38
Q

What is a serious adverse effect of clozapine?

A

agranulocytosis

39
Q

SSRIs have _______ properties

A

stimulant

40
Q

TCAs can cause?

A

sedation

41
Q

What is the most common adverse effect of TCAs?

A

Orthostatic Hypotension

42
Q

All antidepressants initially increase the risk for?

A

Suicide. All patients should be monitored for worsening mood and signs of suicidal ideation.

43
Q

In patients with bipolar disorder, SSRIs should not be used alone because?

A

the can induce mania

44
Q

when serum sodium level is reduced…?

A

lithium excretion is also reduced, and lithium accumulates

45
Q

Lithium levels above ____ should be reported

A

1.5 mEq/L

46
Q

What is a safe analgesic to use with lithium?

A

Aspirin (ASA)

47
Q

Why shouldn’t NSAIDS be used with lithium?

A

they can increase lithium levels by up to 60%

48
Q

Can diuretics be used with lithium?

A

No, diuretics can increase lithium levels by reducing the serum sodium level

49
Q

Can Benadryl be used with lithium?

A

Diphenhydramine has anticholinergic properties and can aggravate lithium-induced polyuria by causing urinary hesitancy.

50
Q

Early lithium toxicity is evidenced by

A

diarrhea, anorexia, muscle weakness, nausea, vomiting, tremors, slurred speech, and drowsiness. Later signs include blurred vision, seizures, trembling, confusion, and ataxia.

Pharmacology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions