Respiratory Flashcards
Name the order of stages of respiratory development and the weeks
embryonic (4), pseudoglandular (5-16), canalicular (16-26), saccular (26-birth), alveolar (32-birth)
Malformations associated with Potter sequence
bilateral renal agenesis, pulmonary hypoplasia, diaphragmatic hernia
collapsing pressure =
2*tension/radius
goblet cells end at this level in lung
end of bronchi
cartilage ends at this level in lung
end of bronchi
smooth muscle ends at this level in lung
terminal bronchioles
pseudostratified epithelium ends at this level in lung
ends with terminal bronchioles
inspiratory capacity =
inspiratory reserve + tidal
functional residual capacity =
Expiratory Reserve + residual
vital capacity =
expiratory reserve + tidal + inspiratory reserve
physiologic dead space =
anatomic ds + alveolar ds
= Vt (PaCO2 - PeCO2) / PaCO2
where little a is arterial
Va (alveolar ventilation) =
(Vt-Vd)*RR
Oxygen content =
1.43HbSaO2 + 0.003PaO2
Resistance (of fluid/air) =
8nl/pir4
Pa/A/v and V/Q in Zone 1
PA > Pa > Pv. V/Q = 3
Pa/A/V and V/Q in Zone 2
Pa > PA > Pv. V/Q = 1
Pa/A/v and V/Q in Zone 3
Pa > Pv > PA. V/Q = 0.6
Haldane effect
high O2 unloads CO2
Bohr effect
high CO2 unloads O2
Winter’s formula is used for
acidosis only. pH = 1.5*bicarb + 8
anterior epistaxis from
Kiesselbach plexus
posterior epistaxis from
sphenopalatine artery, a branch of maxillary artery
Reid ratio is relevant in this disease
chronic bronchitis
ferruginous bodies in this pneumoconiosis
asbestosis
granulomas in this pneumoconiosis
berylliosis
eggshell calcification of hilar nodes in this pneumoconiosis
silicosis
tb susceptibility in this pneumoconiosis
silicosis
the only pneumoconiosis which affects lower lobes
asbestos
these are increased in the serum in those with sarcoid
ACE and Ca2+
drugs that cause ILD
bleomycin, busulfan, amiodarone, methotrexate
what is Caplan syndrome
rheumatoid arthritis and pneumoconiosis with intrapulmonary nodules
mutation in heritable PHTN
loss of function BMPR2
what is cyclothorax
pleural effusion due to lymphatic obstruction/injury
MCCs lobar pneumonia
s pneumo, legionella, klebsiella
MCCs bronchopneumonia
s pneumo, s aureus, h flu, klebsiella
MCCs interstitial pneumonia
mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella, viruses
tx lung abscess with
clindamycin
usually due to anaerobes (bacteroides, fusobacterium, peptostreptococcus) or s aureus
mesothelioma histologic markers
cytokeratin, calretinin
stain for neuroendocrine cells
chromogranin A. small cell lung is also neuron-specific enolase-positive
paraneoplastic syndromes for small cell lung cancer
cushing, SIADH, Lambert-Eaton, antibodies vs. neurons
class of drugs: diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine
first generation H1 inhibitors
class of drugs: loratadine, fexofenadine, deslortadine, cetirizine
second generation H1
bosentan MOA
antagonizes endothelin 1. used for PHTN
long acting beta agonists for asthma
salmeterol, formeterol
MOA montelukast, zafirlukast
block leukotriene receptor CysLT1
MOA zileuton
block 5-lipoxygenase pathway to inhibit leukotriene synthesis
anti IgE antibody for asthma
omalizumab
