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First Aid > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Name the order of stages of respiratory development and the weeks

A

embryonic (4), pseudoglandular (5-16), canalicular (16-26), saccular (26-birth), alveolar (32-birth)

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2
Q

Malformations associated with Potter sequence

A

bilateral renal agenesis, pulmonary hypoplasia, diaphragmatic hernia

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3
Q

collapsing pressure =

A

2*tension/radius

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4
Q

goblet cells end at this level in lung

A

end of bronchi

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5
Q

cartilage ends at this level in lung

A

end of bronchi

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6
Q

smooth muscle ends at this level in lung

A

terminal bronchioles

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7
Q

pseudostratified epithelium ends at this level in lung

A

ends with terminal bronchioles

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8
Q

inspiratory capacity =

A

inspiratory reserve + tidal

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9
Q

functional residual capacity =

A

Expiratory Reserve + residual

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10
Q

vital capacity =

A

expiratory reserve + tidal + inspiratory reserve

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11
Q

physiologic dead space =

A

anatomic ds + alveolar ds
= Vt (PaCO2 - PeCO2) / PaCO2

where little a is arterial

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12
Q

Va (alveolar ventilation) =

A

(Vt-Vd)*RR

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13
Q

Oxygen content =

A

1.43HbSaO2 + 0.003PaO2

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14
Q

Resistance (of fluid/air) =

A

8nl/pir4

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15
Q

Pa/A/v and V/Q in Zone 1

A

PA > Pa > Pv. V/Q = 3

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16
Q

Pa/A/V and V/Q in Zone 2

A

Pa > PA > Pv. V/Q = 1

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17
Q

Pa/A/v and V/Q in Zone 3

A

Pa > Pv > PA. V/Q = 0.6

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18
Q

Haldane effect

A

high O2 unloads CO2

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19
Q

Bohr effect

A

high CO2 unloads O2

20
Q

Winter’s formula is used for

A

acidosis only. pH = 1.5*bicarb + 8

21
Q

anterior epistaxis from

A

Kiesselbach plexus

22
Q

posterior epistaxis from

A

sphenopalatine artery, a branch of maxillary artery

23
Q

Reid ratio is relevant in this disease

A

chronic bronchitis

24
Q

ferruginous bodies in this pneumoconiosis

A

asbestosis

25
Q

granulomas in this pneumoconiosis

A

berylliosis

26
Q

eggshell calcification of hilar nodes in this pneumoconiosis

A

silicosis

27
Q

tb susceptibility in this pneumoconiosis

A

silicosis

28
Q

the only pneumoconiosis which affects lower lobes

A

asbestos

29
Q

these are increased in the serum in those with sarcoid

A

ACE and Ca2+

30
Q

drugs that cause ILD

A

bleomycin, busulfan, amiodarone, methotrexate

31
Q

what is Caplan syndrome

A

rheumatoid arthritis and pneumoconiosis with intrapulmonary nodules

32
Q

mutation in heritable PHTN

A

loss of function BMPR2

33
Q

what is cyclothorax

A

pleural effusion due to lymphatic obstruction/injury

34
Q

MCCs lobar pneumonia

A

s pneumo, legionella, klebsiella

35
Q

MCCs bronchopneumonia

A

s pneumo, s aureus, h flu, klebsiella

36
Q

MCCs interstitial pneumonia

A

mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella, viruses

37
Q

tx lung abscess with

A

clindamycin

usually due to anaerobes (bacteroides, fusobacterium, peptostreptococcus) or s aureus

38
Q

mesothelioma histologic markers

A

cytokeratin, calretinin

39
Q

stain for neuroendocrine cells

A

chromogranin A. small cell lung is also neuron-specific enolase-positive

40
Q

paraneoplastic syndromes for small cell lung cancer

A

cushing, SIADH, Lambert-Eaton, antibodies vs. neurons

41
Q

class of drugs: diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine

A

first generation H1 inhibitors

42
Q

class of drugs: loratadine, fexofenadine, deslortadine, cetirizine

A

second generation H1

43
Q

bosentan MOA

A

antagonizes endothelin 1. used for PHTN

44
Q

long acting beta agonists for asthma

A

salmeterol, formeterol

45
Q

MOA montelukast, zafirlukast

A

block leukotriene receptor CysLT1

46
Q

MOA zileuton

A

block 5-lipoxygenase pathway to inhibit leukotriene synthesis

47
Q

anti IgE antibody for asthma

A

omalizumab

First Aid (18 decks)

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