Pharmacology Flashcards
1
Q
Km =
A
[S] at 1/2 Vmax
2
Q
Lineweaver Burk plot formula
A
1/V = (Km/Vmax)(1/[S]) + 1/Vmax
3
Q
A higher Y intercept on a lineweaver Burk plot means
A
lower vmax
4
Q
the X intercept of a lineweaver burk plot is
A
-1/Km. Closer to zero = lower affinity
5
Q
A high Km means
A
low affinity
6
Q
Vd =
A
(amount of drug in body) / (plasma concentration)
7
Q
CL =
A
Vd * Ke
8
Q
number of half lives to reach 90% steady state
A
3.3 (first order only)
9
Q
number of half lives to reach steady state
A
4-5 (first order only)
10
Q
T 1/2 =
A
0.693 Vd/CL (first order)
11
Q
Loading dose =
A
(1/F)(Cp*Vd)
12
Q
Maintenance dose =
A
(1/F)(CpCLtime interval)
13
Q
Drugs with zero-order kinetics
A
PEA: phenytoin, ethanol, aspirin (at high or toxic concentrations)
14
Q
These are part of sympathetic system but innervated by cholinergic fibers
A
adrenal medulla (nicotinic) and sweat glands (muscarinic)
15
Q
these are innervated by Nn (nicotinic) nerves
A
parasympathetic ganglia, adrenal medulla
16
Q
these are innervated by Nm (nicotinic) nerves
A
NMJ
17
Q
alpha 1 (G, function)
A
Gq. vascular contraction, close bladder, close GI sphincters, dilate eyes
18
Q
alpha 2 (G, function)
A
Gi. reduced symp outflow, decrease insulin, decrease lipolysis, decrease aqueous humor production, increase platelet aggregation
19
Q
beta 1 (G, function)
A
Gs. stimulate heart, renin, lipolysis
20
Q
beta 2 (G, function)
A
Gs. vasodilate, bronchodilate, increase lipolysis and insulin release, increase aqueous humor, decrease uterine tone, relax ciliary muscle
21
Q
beta 3 (G, function)
A
Gs. lipolysis, thermogenesis in SKM
22
Q
M1 (G, function)
A
Gq. CNS, enteric
23
Q
M2 (G, function)
A
Gi. antagonize heart
24
Q
M3 (G, function)
A
Gq. exocrine glands/gut, contract bladder, bronchoconstriction, constrict eyes, contract ciliar muscle (accomodation)
25
D1 (G, function)
Gs. relax renal vasculature
26
D2 (G, function)
Gi. neurotransmitters
27
H1 (G, function)
Gq. mucus, permeability, bronchoconstriction, pruritus, pain
28
H2 (G, function)
Gs. gastric acid secretion
29
V1 (G, function)
Gq. vascular smooth muscle contraction
30
V2 (G, function)
Gs. increases H2O permeability in collecting tubules of kidney. "V2 found in the 2 kidneys"
31
Gq acts via this/these pathway(s)
Phospholipase C --> DAG and IP3
DAG --> protein kinase C
IP3 increases intracellular calcium
32
these GPCRs use Gq
H1, A1, V1, M1, M3 (HAVe1 M&M)
33
these GPCRs use Gi
M2, A2, D2 (MAD 2s)
34
Gs/i act via this/these pathway(s)
stimulate or inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
| Adenylyl cyclase increases cAMP ---> protein kinase A --> heart contraction, but muscle relaxation elsewhere
35
this drug blocks choline entry
hemicholinium
36
this drug blocks ACh incorporation into vesicles
vesamicol
37
this drug blocks ACh vesicle fusion/NT release
botulinum
38
this drug blocks tyrosine conversion to DOPA
metyrosine
39
this drug blocks dopamine incorporation into vesicles
reserpine
40
this drug prevents nore release
bretylium or guanethidine
41
this drug displaces NE in vesicles and reverses the NET transporter
amphetamines
42
indirect choline agonists used for Alzheimer disease
donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine
43
this is a tertiary amine anticholinergic that crosses the BBB
pysostigmine
44
antispasmodics for IBS
hyoscyamine, dicyclomine (anti-muscarinic)
45
class of drugs for oxybutynin, solifenacin, tolterodine
muscarinic antagonists
46
tropicamide is similar to
atropine
47
albuterol, salmeterol specificity
B2 > B1
48
dobutamine specificity
B1 > B2, a
49
dopamine specificity
D1 = D2 > B > a
50
epi specificity
B > a
51
nore specificity
a1 > a2 > B1
52
fenoldopam specificity
D1
53
Isoproteronol specificity
B1 = B2
54
midodrine specificity
a1
55
phenylephrine specificity
a1 > a2
56
this drug increases NE release (not amphetamines)
ephedrine
57
guanfacine is similar to
clonidine
58
alpha-methyldopa class and application
alpha-2 agonist, used to treat hypertension in pregnancy
59
which adrenergic drugs treat open angle glaucoma by reducing aqueous humors
epi (via a2) and beta blockers
60
which drugs exacerbate closed angle glaucoma
dilators of the eye, including atropine (muscarinic blocker)
61
this drug is contraindicated in cocaine intoxication
beta blockers
62
antidote/tx for acetominophen
n-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)
63
antidote/tx for benzos
flumazenil
64
antidote/tx for copper
penicillamine, trientine
65
antidote/tx for cyanide
nitrite + thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin
66
antidote/tx for heparin
protamine sulfate
67
antidote/tx for iron
deferoxamine, deferasirox, deferiprone
68
antidote/tx for arsenic or mercury
dimercaprol, succimer
69
antidote/tx for gold
penicillamine, dimercaprol, succimer
70
antidote/tx for lead
EDTA, penicillamine, dimercaprol, succimer
71
antidote/tx for methanol, ethylene glycol
fomepizole (alc dh blocker) > ethanol, dialysis
72
antidote/tx for methemoglobin
methylene blue, vitamin C
73
antidote/tx for salicylate and TCAs
they're acidic, so use sodium bicarbonate. could also use dialysis for salicylates
74
antidote/tx for amphetamines
they're basic so use NH4Cl to acidify urine
75
drugs that cause cutaneous flushing
vancomycin, adenosine, niacin, CCBs, echinocandins (VANCE)
76
this drug prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy
dexrazoxane
77
these drugs cause hyperglycemia
tacrolimus, protease inhibitors, niacin, HCTZ, corticosteroids
("Taking pills Necessitates Having blood Checked")
78
these drugs cause focal to massive hepatic necrosis
halothane, amanita phalloides, valproic acid, acetaminophen (liver "HAVAc")
79
these drugs cause hepatitis
rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, statins, fibrates
80
these drugs cause pancreatitis
didanosine, corticosteroids, alcohol, valproic acid, azathioprine, diuretics (furosemid, HCTZ)
("Drugs Causing A Violent Abdominal Distress")
81
these drugs cause pill-induced esophagitis
tetracyclines, bisphosphonates, potassium chloride
82
these drugs cause agranulocytosis
clozapine, carbamazepine, propylthiouracil, methimazole, colchicine, ganciclovir
"Can Cause Pretty Major Collapse of Granulocytes")
83
these drugs cause aplastic anemia
carbamazepine, methimazole, NSAIDs, benzene, chloramphenicol, propylthiouracil
("Can't Make New Blood Cells Properly")
84
these drugs cause direct coombs-postive hemolytic anemia
methyldopa, penicillin
85
this drug causes gray baby syndrome
chloramphenicol
86
these drugs cause hemolysis in G6PD deficiency
isoniazid, sulfonamides, dapsone, primaquine, aspirin, ibuprofen, nitrofurantoin
(hemolysis "IS D PAIN", note also naphthalene (moth balls) and fava beans in med. type)
87
these drugs cause megaloblastic anemia
phenytoin, methotrexate, sulfa drugs ("having a blast with PMS")
88
these drugs cause fat redistribution
protease inhibitors, glucocorticoids ("Fat PiG")
89
these drugs cause gingival hyperplasia
phenytoin, CCBs, cyclosporine (but not tacrolimus)
90
these drugs cause hyperuricemia
pyrazinamide, thiazides, furosemide, niacin, cyclosporine ("Painful Tophi and Feet Need Care")
91
these drugs cause osteoporosis
steroids, heparin
92
these drugs cause photosensitivity
sulfonamides, amiodarone, tetracyclines, 5FU
| "SAT For Photo"
93
these drugs cause Stevens-Johnson
anti-epileptics (especially lamotrigine), allopurinol, sulfa drugs, penicillin
94
these drugs cause teeth discoloration
tetracyclines
95
these drugs cause tendonitis, tendon rupture, and cartilage damage
FQs
96
these drugs cause a Parkinson-like syndrome
antipsychotics, reserpine, metoclopramide
| "cogwheel ridigitidy of the ARM"
97
these drugs cause seizures
isoniazid (b6 deficiency), bupropion, imipenem/cilastatin, tramadol, enflurane
(when i have a seizure I BITE my tongue)
98
these drugs cause tardive dyskinesia
antipsychotics, metoclopramide
99
these drugs cause diabetes insipidus
Li, demeclocycline
100
these drugs cause fanconi anemia
tenofovir, ifosfamide
101
these drugs cause hemorrhagic cystitis
cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide
102
these drugs cause SIADH
carbamazepine, cyclophosphamide, SSRIs
| "Can't Concentrate Serum Sodium"
103
these drugs cause pulmonary fribrosis
methotrexate,nitrofurantoin, carmustine, bleomycin, busulfan, amiodarone
("My Nose Cannot Breathe Bad Air")
104
these drugs cause disulfiram-like reaction
metronidazole, certain cephalosporins, griseofulvin, procarbazine, 1st generation sulfonylureas
105
these drugs cause nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity
aminoglycosides, vancomycin, loop diuretics, cisplatin (cisplatin toxicity may respond to amifostine)
106
P450 inducers
chronic alcohol, St. John's wort, phenytoin, phenobarbital, nevirapine, rifampin, griseofulvin, carbamazepine
("chronic alcoholics Steal Phen-Phen and Never Refuse Greasy Carbs")
107
P450 substrates
anti-epileptics, theophylline, warfarin, OCPs
108
P450 inhibitors
acute alcohol, ritonavir, amiodarone, cimetidine/ciprofloxacin, ketoconazole, sulfonamides, INH, graprefruit juice, quinidine, macrolides (except azithromycin)
("AAA RACKS IN GQ Magazine")
109
these are sulfa drugs
sulfonamide antibx, sulfasalazine, probenecid, furosemide, acetazolamide, celcoxib, thiazides, sulfonylureas
110
-navir
protease inhibitor
111
-ovir
DNA polymerase inhibitor
112
-azine
typical antipsychotic
113
-etine
SSRI
114
-ipramine, -triptyline
TCA
115
-triptan
5HT 1b/1d agonist
116
-curium, -curonium
non-depolarizing paralytic
117
-stigmine
AChE inhibitor
118
-zosin
alpha 1 blocker
119
-afil
PDE-5 inhibitor
120
-dipine
dihydropyridine CCB
121
-xaban
direct factor Xa inhibitors
122
-dronate
bisphosphonate
123
-glitazone
PPAR-gamma activator
124
-prost
prostaglandin analog
125
-tidine
H2 blocker
126
-tropin
pituitary hormone
127
-ximab
chimeric mAb
128
-zumab
humanized mAb
129
effect of nore on CO, BP, HR and SVR
```
increase BP, SVR (main effect for both)
unchanged CO
decreased HR (reflex)
```
130
effect of epi on CO, BP, HR, and SVR
increase CO, BP, HR
| Decreased SVR
131
effect of isoproteronol on CO, BP, HR, and SVR
```
significantly increases CO, HR (reflex)
decreases BP (beta 2), SVR (beta 2)
```
132
these drugs cause acute cholestatic hepatitis and jaundice
erythromycin
133
P450 effect: chronic alcohol, st. john's wort
stimulators
134
P450 effect: acute alcohol abuse, ritonavir
inhibitors
135
P450 effect: amiodarone, cimetidine
inhibitors
136
P450 effect: ciprofloxacin, ketoconazole
inhibitors
137
P450 effect: phenytoin, phenobarbital
stimulators
138
P450 effect: sulfonamides, INH
inhibitors
139
P450 effect: nevirapine, rifampin
stimulators
140
P450 effect: graprefuri juice, quinidine
inhibitors
141
P450 effect: macrolides
inhibitors (except azithromycin)
142
P450 effect: griseofulvin, carbamazepine
stimulators
