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Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

hormones produced by basophils of anterior pituitary

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH

“B-FLAT”

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2
Q

hormones produced by acidophils of anterior pituitary

A

GH, PRL

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3
Q

GLUT 1 found in

A

RBCs, brain, cornea, placenta

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4
Q

GLUT 2 found in

A

islet cells, liver, kidney, small intestine. it’s bidirectional

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5
Q

GLUT 3 found in

A

brain, placenta

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6
Q

GLUT 4 found in

A

adipose tissue, striated muscle. This is the only one that is insulin dependent

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7
Q

GLUT 5 found in

A

spermatocytes, GI tract. used for fructose

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8
Q

insulin receptors are of which class

A

tyrosine kinase

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9
Q

effect of insulin on Na+

A

increases retention in kidneys

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10
Q

effect of TRH

A

increases TSH and prolactin

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11
Q

effect of somatostatin on pituitary

A

decreases GH and TSH

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12
Q

effect of dopamine on pituitary

A

decreases prolactin and TSH

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13
Q

effect of PRL on hormone release

A

decreases GnRH

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14
Q

ADH acts on vessels via which receptor

A

V1

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15
Q

ADH acts on kidneys via which receptor

A

V2

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16
Q

17-hydroxylase def: effects on BP, cortisol, and sex hormones

A

increased BP

decreased sex hormones and cortisol

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17
Q

21-hydroxylase def: effects on BP, cortisol, and sex hormones

A

increased sex hormones

decreased BP and cortisol

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18
Q

11-hydroxylase def: effects on BP, cortisol, and sex hormones

A

increased sex hormones and BP

decreased cortisol

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19
Q

labs 17-hydroxylase deficiency

A

decreased androstenedione

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20
Q

labs 21-hydroxylase deficiency

A

increased renin, increased 17-hydroxyprogresterone

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21
Q

labs 11-hydroxylase deficiency

A

decreased renin

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22
Q

ACTH activates

A

cholesterol desmolase to form pregnenolone

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23
Q

physiologic effects of vitamin D

A

increases gut absorption of Ca and phosphate

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24
Q

which cells produce PTH

A

chief cells of parathyroid

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25
Q

effect of moderately low Mg2+ on PTH release

A

increases

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26
Q

effect of extremely low Mg2+ on PTH release

A

decreases

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27
Q

which cells produce calcitonin

A

parafollicular (C cells) of thyroid

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28
Q

physiologic effects of calcitonin

A

mainly/only decreases bone resorption

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29
Q

BNP, ANP, EDRF (for NO) use this signaling pathway

A

cGMP

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30
Q

FSH, LH, TSH, hCG, CRH, ADH (V2), MSH, PTH use this signaling pathway

31
Q

calcitonin, GHRH, glucagon use this signaling pathway

32
Q

GnRH, oxytocin, ADH (V1), TRH, H1, AT II, gastrin use this pathway

33
Q

insulin, IGF-1, FGF, PDGF, EGF use this signaling pathway

A

receptor tyrosine kinase (MAP kinase)

34
Q

prolactin, immunomodulators, GH, G-CSF, EPO, and TPO use this signaling pathway

A

non-receptor tyrosine kinase (JAK/STAT)

35
Q

histology of neuroblastoma (adrenal)

A

Homer-Wright rosettes

36
Q

germline cases of pheochromocytoma are associated with which mutations

A

NF1, VHL RET (MEN 2a, 2b)

37
Q

cholesterol level in hypothyroidism

A

hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor)

38
Q

cholesterol level in hyperthyroidism

A

hypocholesterolemia (increased LDL receptor)

39
Q

HLA association Hashimoto

40
Q

which non-neoplastic thyroid disease has Hurthle cells

41
Q

Wolf-Chaikoff effect

A

thyroid gland downregulates due to increased iodide

42
Q

Jod-Basedown phenomenon

A

thyrotoxicosis if you repleat an iodine-deficient person who has autonomous thyroid tissue

43
Q

which cancer has orphan annie eyes

A

papillary thyroid cancer

44
Q

which thyroid cancer is associated with psammoma bodies

A

papillary thyroid cancer

45
Q

which is a cancer of thyroid c cells

A

medullary carcinoma

46
Q

which thyroid cancer is associated with hematogenous spread

A

follicular carcinoma

47
Q

which thyroid cancer is associated with childhood irradiation

A

papillary carcinoma

48
Q

what is Nelson syndrome

A

enlargment of ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma after removing both adrenals

49
Q

GH receptor antagonist used for acromegaly

A

pegvisomant

50
Q

what is Laron syndrome

A

dwarfism due to defective GH receptors

51
Q

T1DM HLA associations

52
Q

presentation of glucagonoma

A

dermatitis (necrolytic migratory erythemia) diabetes, DVT, declining weight, depression

53
Q

test to suppress gastrin levels/dx ZE

A

secretin administration

54
Q

MEN 1

A

pituitary tumor, pancreatic tumor, parathyroid adenoma

55
Q

MEN 2a

A

pheochromocytoma, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, parathyroid hyperplasia

56
Q

MEN 2b

A

pheochromocytoma, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, and mucosal neuromas. Also associated with marfanoid habitus

57
Q

RET is on chromosome…

58
Q

MEN1 gene is on chromosome…

59
Q

MOA metformin

A

decreases gluconeogensis, increase glycolysis and peripheral glucose utilization

60
Q

MOA sulfonylureas

A

close K+ channel to increase insulin release

61
Q

class of drugs: chlorpropamide, tolbutamide

A

first generation sulfonylureas

62
Q

class of drugs: glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide

A

second generation sulfonylureas

63
Q

MOA glitazones/thiazolidinediones

A

increase insulin sensitivity, bind PPAR-gamma

64
Q

MOA meglitinides

A

bind K+ channel (different site than sulfonylureas)

65
Q

class of drugs: exenatide, liralutide

A

GLP-1 analogs

66
Q

class of drugs: linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin

A

DDP4 inhibitors

67
Q

class of drugs pramlintide

A

amylin analog

68
Q

MOA amylin

A

decrease gastric emptying and glucagon

69
Q

oral hypoglycemic drugs that do not require islet function

A

metformin, amylin, SGLT-2 inhibitors (but these aren’t used in type 1)

70
Q

class of drugs: acarbose, miglitol

A

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

71
Q

class of drugs conivaptan, tolvaptan

A

ADH receptor antagonists

72
Q

MOA fludrocortisone

A

aldosterone analog with little glucocorticoid effects

73
Q

cinacalcet MOA

A

sensitizes CaSR to decrease PTH release

First Aid (18 decks)

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