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First Aid > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

what is a gastroschisis

A

like omphalocele, except not covered by peritoneum

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2
Q

duodenal atresia associated with which disease

A

Down syndrome

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3
Q

MCC jejunal and ileal atreasia

A

ischemic necrosis

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4
Q

classic electrolyte distrubance in pyloric stenosis

A

hypokalemic, hypochloremic, metabolic alkalosis

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5
Q

which GI organ comes from mesoderm

A

spleen

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6
Q

frequency of basal electrical rhythms of stomach, duodenum, and ileum

A

3, 12, 8-9

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7
Q

Brunner glands found in

A

duodenum

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8
Q

plicae circulares found in

A

jejunum and ileum

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9
Q

largest number of goblet cells is found in which part of small intestine

A

ileum

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10
Q

right gastric artery comes off of which other artery

A

common hepatic artery

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11
Q

besides endothelial cells, which cells line liver sinusoids

A

Kupffer cells

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12
Q

which cells are in space of Disse

A

hepatic stellate cells. store vit A when quiescent, and produce ECM when activated

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13
Q

which zone of the liver is affected by yellow fever

A

zone II

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14
Q

which zone of the liver has P450 system

A

zone III

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15
Q

what is Hesselbach triangle

A

triangle formed by rectus abdominis, inferior epigastric vessels, and inguinal ligament

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16
Q

indirect inguinal hernias enter internal inguinal ring (medial/lateral) to inferior epigastric arteries

A

lateral

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17
Q

source of gastrin

A

G cells in antrum and duodenum

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18
Q

source of gastric somatostatin

A

D cells in islets and GI mucosa

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19
Q

source of CCK

A

I cells in duodenum, jejunum

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20
Q

source of secretin

A

S cells in duodenum

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21
Q

source of GDIP/GIP

A

K cells in duodenum, jejunum

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22
Q

source of motilin

A

small intestine

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23
Q

source of VIP

A

parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder, small intestine

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24
Q

source of IF

A

parietal cells

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25
Q

source of ghrelin

A

stomach

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26
Q

source of gastric acid

A

parietal cells

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27
Q

source of pepsin

A

chief cells

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28
Q

source of bicarbonate

A

mucosal cells, salivary glands, pancreas, and brunner glands

29
Q

function and regulation of somatostatin

A

stop everything. activated by acid, inhibited by vagal stimulation

30
Q

function and regulation of CCK

A

pancreatic (enzymatic) and gallbladder secretion. stimulated by FAs and AAs

31
Q

function and regulation of secretin

A

increase bicarb from pancreas. stimulated by acid and fatty acids

32
Q

function and regulation of VIP

A

watery secretions. stimulated by vagal system and distention

33
Q

transporter for fructose in gut

A

GLUT-5 in lumen. GLUT2 for entering blood (same as glucose and galactose)

34
Q

RLS for bile acid synthesis

A

cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase

35
Q

benign salivary cystic tumor with germinal centers

A

Warthin tumor. aka papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum

36
Q

what is Boerhaave syndrome

A

transmural distal esophageal rupture with pneumomediastinum

37
Q

what is Menetrier disease

A

precancerous hyperplasia of stomach mucosa, produces more mucus and causes parietal cell atrophy

38
Q

what is a virchow node

A

supraclavicular node from stomach met

39
Q

what is a sister mary joseph nodule

A

subcutaneous periumbilical met

40
Q

stain used for fecal fat

A

sudan stain

41
Q

lactose intolerance test

A

> 20 ppm change in hydrogen breath test, acidic stool

42
Q

possible cutaneous manifestations of UC and Crohn

A

pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum

43
Q

possible mucosa/eye manifestations of UC and Crohn

A

episcleritis, uveitis, aphthous ulcers

44
Q

Zenker diverticulum is through which triangle

A

Killian

45
Q

uptake study to dx Meckel diverticulum

A

pertechnetate for ectopic gastric mucosa

46
Q

Hirschsprung is associated with this mutation and this chromosomal anamoly

A

RET and Down syndrome

47
Q

what are ladd bands

A

fibrous bands that attach cecum to peritoneal wall. caused by malrotation of midgut in development

48
Q

CRC sequence

A

APC leads to at-risk colon. KRAS causes adenoma. P53 leads to carcinoma

49
Q

serrated colonic polyps associated with mutatiosn in

A

BRAF. and microsatellite instability with CpG hypermethylation

50
Q

what chromosome is APC on

A

5q

51
Q

what is Gardner syndrome

A

FAP + sarcomas, retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy, and impacted/supernumerary teeth

52
Q

what is turcot syndrome

A

FAP + CNS tumor

53
Q

which part of the intestines is always affected when lynch syndrome progresses to CRC

A

proximal colon

54
Q

in non-lynch syndrome CRC, rank the most common places

A

rectosigmoid > ascending > descending

55
Q

tumor marker for CRC recurrence

A

CEA

56
Q

Mallory bodies found in

A

alcoholic hepatitis

57
Q

angiosarcoma of liver is associated with which carcinogens

A

arsenic, vinyl chloride

58
Q

mutation in Wilson disease

A

ATP7B (chr 13), which transports copper

59
Q

Kayser-Fleischer rings

A

deposits in cornea in Wilson disease

60
Q

HFE is on chromosome…

A

6

61
Q

onion skin fibrosis of the duct found in

A

PSC

62
Q

intra- and extra-hepatic ducts affected in

A

PSC

63
Q

intralobular ducts affected in

A

PBC

64
Q

extrahepatic ducts obstructed in

A

secondary biliary cirrhosis

65
Q

black pigment gallstones due to

A

calcium bilirubinate

66
Q

brown pigment gallstones due to

A

infection

67
Q

marker for pancreatic cancer

A

CA 19-9

68
Q

Courvoisier sign

A

obstructive jaundice with palpable, nontender gallbladder (in pancreatic cancer)

69
Q

class of drugs: cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine

A

H2 blockers

First Aid (18 decks)

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