Gastrointestinal Flashcards
what is a gastroschisis
like omphalocele, except not covered by peritoneum
duodenal atresia associated with which disease
Down syndrome
MCC jejunal and ileal atreasia
ischemic necrosis
classic electrolyte distrubance in pyloric stenosis
hypokalemic, hypochloremic, metabolic alkalosis
which GI organ comes from mesoderm
spleen
frequency of basal electrical rhythms of stomach, duodenum, and ileum
3, 12, 8-9
Brunner glands found in
duodenum
plicae circulares found in
jejunum and ileum
largest number of goblet cells is found in which part of small intestine
ileum
right gastric artery comes off of which other artery
common hepatic artery
besides endothelial cells, which cells line liver sinusoids
Kupffer cells
which cells are in space of Disse
hepatic stellate cells. store vit A when quiescent, and produce ECM when activated
which zone of the liver is affected by yellow fever
zone II
which zone of the liver has P450 system
zone III
what is Hesselbach triangle
triangle formed by rectus abdominis, inferior epigastric vessels, and inguinal ligament
indirect inguinal hernias enter internal inguinal ring (medial/lateral) to inferior epigastric arteries
lateral
source of gastrin
G cells in antrum and duodenum
source of gastric somatostatin
D cells in islets and GI mucosa
source of CCK
I cells in duodenum, jejunum
source of secretin
S cells in duodenum
source of GDIP/GIP
K cells in duodenum, jejunum
source of motilin
small intestine
source of VIP
parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder, small intestine
source of IF
parietal cells
source of ghrelin
stomach
source of gastric acid
parietal cells
source of pepsin
chief cells
source of bicarbonate
mucosal cells, salivary glands, pancreas, and brunner glands
function and regulation of somatostatin
stop everything. activated by acid, inhibited by vagal stimulation
function and regulation of CCK
pancreatic (enzymatic) and gallbladder secretion. stimulated by FAs and AAs
function and regulation of secretin
increase bicarb from pancreas. stimulated by acid and fatty acids
function and regulation of VIP
watery secretions. stimulated by vagal system and distention
transporter for fructose in gut
GLUT-5 in lumen. GLUT2 for entering blood (same as glucose and galactose)
RLS for bile acid synthesis
cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase
benign salivary cystic tumor with germinal centers
Warthin tumor. aka papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum
what is Boerhaave syndrome
transmural distal esophageal rupture with pneumomediastinum
what is Menetrier disease
precancerous hyperplasia of stomach mucosa, produces more mucus and causes parietal cell atrophy
what is a virchow node
supraclavicular node from stomach met
what is a sister mary joseph nodule
subcutaneous periumbilical met
stain used for fecal fat
sudan stain
lactose intolerance test
> 20 ppm change in hydrogen breath test, acidic stool
possible cutaneous manifestations of UC and Crohn
pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum
possible mucosa/eye manifestations of UC and Crohn
episcleritis, uveitis, aphthous ulcers
Zenker diverticulum is through which triangle
Killian
uptake study to dx Meckel diverticulum
pertechnetate for ectopic gastric mucosa
Hirschsprung is associated with this mutation and this chromosomal anamoly
RET and Down syndrome
what are ladd bands
fibrous bands that attach cecum to peritoneal wall. caused by malrotation of midgut in development
CRC sequence
APC leads to at-risk colon. KRAS causes adenoma. P53 leads to carcinoma
serrated colonic polyps associated with mutatiosn in
BRAF. and microsatellite instability with CpG hypermethylation
what chromosome is APC on
5q
what is Gardner syndrome
FAP + sarcomas, retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy, and impacted/supernumerary teeth
what is turcot syndrome
FAP + CNS tumor
which part of the intestines is always affected when lynch syndrome progresses to CRC
proximal colon
in non-lynch syndrome CRC, rank the most common places
rectosigmoid > ascending > descending
tumor marker for CRC recurrence
CEA
Mallory bodies found in
alcoholic hepatitis
angiosarcoma of liver is associated with which carcinogens
arsenic, vinyl chloride
mutation in Wilson disease
ATP7B (chr 13), which transports copper
Kayser-Fleischer rings
deposits in cornea in Wilson disease
HFE is on chromosome…
6
onion skin fibrosis of the duct found in
PSC
intra- and extra-hepatic ducts affected in
PSC
intralobular ducts affected in
PBC
extrahepatic ducts obstructed in
secondary biliary cirrhosis
black pigment gallstones due to
calcium bilirubinate
brown pigment gallstones due to
infection
marker for pancreatic cancer
CA 19-9
Courvoisier sign
obstructive jaundice with palpable, nontender gallbladder (in pancreatic cancer)
class of drugs: cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine
H2 blockers
