Respiratory Flashcards by Abbie McKnight

What is the basic function of the respiratory system?
What are the additional functions?

Gas Exchange
Warming, Filtering, and Mositening of inspired Air
Olfactory Perception
Phonation

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Name 3 parts of the Cavum Larynges

Vestibulum Larynges
Glotties
Cavum Infraglotticum

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Name in Latin
A) Paired Cartilage of Larynx
B) Openings between Cavum Pharyngis and Middle Ear

A) Cartilagines Arythenoideae
B) Ostium Pharyngeum Tubae Auditvae

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What makes the bony part of the Middle Nasal Cavity?

The second Endoturbinate (Endoturbinate II) - adjacent to the first

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Explain the 1st Endoturbinate.
What does it form?

Longest, most dorsal turbinate
Extends furthest into the nasal cavity
Forms osseous base of dorsal nasal conchae (Concha Nasalis Dorsalis)

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What does the Tuba Auditiva connect?

Middle Ear and Nasopharynx

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Name in Latin the main parts of the lung which occupy the space known as Cupula Pleurae and the part which occupies the Recesses Costodiaphragmaticus

Apex Pulmonis
Margo Acutus
Accessory Lobe which occupies Recess space

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Name the functional parts of the Nasal Cavity and underline the largest of them

Nasal Vestibulum ~> Vestibulum Nasi
Proper Nasal Cavity ~> Cavum Nasi Proprium (underlined)

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Name in Latin the Rostral part of the Nasal Cavity lined by Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Vestibulum Nasi

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Name in Latin the structures separating the Maxillary Sinus

Canalis Infraorbitalis

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Name in English and Latin the structure which connects the dorsal and ventral portion of the Pharynx

Ostium Intrapharyngeum

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Ostium Intrapharyngeum is formed by 2 mucosal folds, Name them in English and Latin

Free border of the Soft Palate
~> Arcus Veli Palatini
~> Arcus Palatopharyngeus Dexter st Sinister

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Give the forms of the nostril in carnivores and small ruminants, cattle pigs, and horses

Planum Nasale - Nasal Plane (Carnivore/Small Ruminant)
Planum Nasolabiale - Nasolabiale Plane (Cattle)
Planum Rostrale - Rostrale Plane (Pig)
Almost unmodified skin (horse)

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Name 2 Functional Regions of the Nasal Cavity

Regio Olfactoria
Regio Respiratoria

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Specify Organs located in the Mediastinum Craniale

Trachea
Esophagus
Thymus Gland

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What notch in the Thyroid is important during surgery in Roaring Horses?

Caudal Thyroid Notch (Incisura Throidea Caudalis)

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Name in Latin, lobe of the right lung which surrounds Vena Cava Caudalis

Accessory Lobe (Lobus Accessorius Pulmonis Dextri)

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Name the 4 Larynx Cartilages and which
A) Forms the floor of the Larynx
B) Forms the caudal end of the Larynx

Epiglottic Cartilage
Thyroid Cartilage
Arytenoid Cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage
A) Thyroid Cartilage
B) Cricoid Cartilage

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Name the parts of the Nasal Septum

Osseous Part ~> Perpendicular part of the Ethmoid Bone
Cartilaginous Part
Mucosal Part

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Name in Latin, Tonsils which are visible during clinical examination of the throat of the dog

Tonsilla Palatina

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Name all the Bones that give the framework of the nose

Frontal
Nasal
Maxilla
Incisive
Vomer
Palatine
Ethmoid bone

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In the Pig, name the disc-like movable part of the muzzle

Rostrum or Snout

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Name the Nasal Cartilages

Dorsal Lateral Nasal Cartilage
Ventral Lateral Nasal Cartilage
Alar Nasal Cartilage

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Name the Nasal Cartilage lacking in the Horse

Ventral Lateral Nasal Cartilage

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Name the Cartilage only present in the Horse

Alar Cartilage

What divides the Planum Nasi?

Philtrum

The entrance to the Lateral Laryngeal Ventricle is boarded by 2 mucosal folds, Name them in English and Latin

Vestibular Fold (Plica Vestibularis) - Rostrally Vocal Fold (Plica Vocalis) - Caudally

Name the Structure in the Nasal Vestibule

Nasal Septum (Septum Nasi) Skin-like Mucosa Nasolacrimal Opening Nasal Diverticulum - Horse

Name in Latin and English the Biggest Paranasal Sinus in the Horse

Maxillary Sinus (Sinus Maxillaris - Rostralis et Caudalis)

Nasomaxillary Aperture (Apertura Nasomaxillaris) Meatus Nasi Medius

The inlet to the Laryngeal Cavity is bounded by 2 structures located on the lateral sides, name these in English and Latin

Plica Aryepiglottis (Aryepiglottic Fold) Cartilage Arytenoidea (Arytenoid Cartilage)

Name the most Rostral part of the larynx which protrudes into the oropharynx

Corona Laryngis

Name A) Upper Respiratory Tract B) Lower Respiratory Tract

A) - Nose - Paranasal Sinuses - Nasopharynx B) - Larynx - Trachea - Lungs

Name the Processes of the Arytenoid Cartilage and underline the one that is directed toward the lumen of the Pharynx

Corniculate Process Vocal Process (underlined) Muscular Process

Name in Latin or English the Processes of the Arytenoid Cartilages and underline the one which is attached to the cartilage Cricoidea

Corniculate Process Vocal Process Muscular Process

In dogs, the Pharyngoesophageal junction is marked by a mucosal fold, name it in Latin

Annular Mucosal Boundary (Limen Pharyngo-esophageum)

Write in Latin the term which describes the entrances to the esophagus

Aditus Esophageus

Name the sites of gas exchange in Latin

Bronchuli Respiratorii Ductuli Alveolaris Sacculi Alveolaris Alveoli Pulmonaris

Name in Latin and English Nerves which play Sensory and Motor Innervation of the Larynx

Cranial Laryngeal Nerve (n. Laryngeus Cranialis) Caudal Laryngeal Nerve (n. Laryngeus Caudalis) Recurrent Nerves (nn. Laryngei Recurrentes)

What is the Maxillary Sinus broken into in the horse?

Sinus Maxillaris Rostralis Sinus Maxillaris Caudalis

Where is the Lateral Nasal Gland situated in the dog?

Within the Maxillary Recesses

Name the biggest Paranasal Sinus in A) Horse B) Cattle

A) Sinus Maxillaris B) Sinus Frontalis

Where are the vessels supplying the lungs? What Vessels do you find here?

Radix Pulmonis Hilus Pulmonis Pulmonary Artery and Vein Bronchial Artery and Vein Lymph Vessel Nerves

Name in Latin the Opening Connecting the Upper and Lower Portion of the Pharynx and the Mucosal Fold surrounding the Ostium Intrapharyngeum

Arcus Veli Palatini Arcus Palatopharyngeus

Name in English and Latin the Lobes of the Left Lung in the Dog

Cranial Lobe (Lobus Cranialis) ~> Divided into Pars Cranialis and Pars Caudalis Caudal Lobe (Lobus Caudalis)

Name the Mucosal Folds of the Dog

Plica Obliqua Plicae Parallelae

Name in Latin the Nerves which supply Sensory and Motor Innervation to the Larynx

N. Laryngis Cranialis ~> Sensory N. Laryngis Caudalis ~> Motor

What is the function of Plica Vocalis?

Vocalisation by the vibration of vocal folds during inspiration and expiration by vocal muscles and fast twitching of the diaphragm

Name in Latin the Recess on the 2 sides of the epiglottis which serve as a channel for fluids

Recess Piriformis

Name in Latin and English the pathway for air flow in the nasal cavity which communicates with the paranasal sinuses.

The Middle Nasal Meatus (Meatus Nasi Medius)

What covers the Rostral opening of the Larynx during swallowing?

Epiglottis

Name in Latin the biggest part of the pharynx located caudodorsal to the Soft Palate

Pars Nasalis Pharyngis

Name in Latin paired openings which are located on lateral walls of the above chamber

Ostium Pharyngeum Tubae Auditive

Name in Latin mucosal folds which run rostroventrally from the nasal conchae to the Vestibulum Nasi

Basal Fold (Plica Basalis) Plica Alaris

Name precisely the space in the thoracic cavity where the Trachea is located

Mediastinum

Name in English and Latin Triangular space between Vocal Folds

Rima Glottidis (Glottic Cleft)

Which lobe in ruminants is ventilated by Bronchus Trachealis?

Right Cranial Lobe

Write in Latin the name of the Tracheal Lumen Crest which is located on the Caudal side of its Bifurcation

Carina Tracheae

What forms the base of the Dorsal Nasal Conchae?

The First Endoturbinate

Name in Latin the Upper part of the Glottis

Pars Laryngea Pharyngis or Pars Intercartilaginea

Name the structures where the Trachea divides Dichotomously

Trachea Bifurcation

Name in Latin the part of the Respiratory passageways which is interposed between Bronchi Principles and Bronchi Segmentales

Bronchi Lobares

Name the opening which connects the maxillary Sinus to the Nasal Cavity

Apertura Nasomaxillaris

What covers the Outer Layer of the Trachea?

Tunica Adventitia ~ Cervical Part Mediastinal Pleura ~ Thoracic Part

What makes the Mucosa in the Trachea

Pseudostratified Ciliated Epithelium Tracheal Mucous Glands

How is the space between the Tracheal Rings branched?

M. Trachealis

What constricts the Lumen of the Larynx?

Plica Vocalis Plica Vestibularis

What makes up the Vocal Fold of the Laryngeal Cavity?

Lig. Vocalis M. Vocalis Tunica Mucosa

The intrapharyngeal opening is formed by 2 Mucosal folds, name them in Latin and English

Free Border of the Soft Palate (Arcus Veli Palatini) Palatopharyngeal Arches (Arcus Palatopharyngeus)

Name the openings of the Auditory Tube in the middle Ear and Pharynx

Ostium Pharyngeum Tubae Auditivae Ostium Tympanicum Tubae Auditivae

Give 3 branches of the bronchi, beginning with the primary one

Bronchi Principles Bronchi Lobares Bronchi Segmentales

Name 2 parts of the Glottis

Pars Intermembranacea Pars Intercartilaginea

What are the endings of the Nasal Conchaes? Underline the one which contains the Lacrimal Duct

Plica Recta ~ Straight Fold Plica Alaris ~ Alar Fold Plica Basalis ~ Basal Fold (Underlined)

Name the borders of the Lungs

Margo Costalis Margo Dorsalis Seu Obtusus Margo Ventralis and Basalis - Seu Acutus Margo Mediastinalis Margo Diaphragmatica

Name 2 parts of Margo Acutus

Margo Ventralis Margo Basalis

Name in Latin the Main parts of the Pharynx

Nasopharynx - Pars Nasalis Pharyngis Oropharynx - Pars Oralis Pharyngis Laryngopharynx - Pars Laryngea Pharyngis

Name in Latin and English the structures surrounding the entrance to the Larynx

Epiglottis Plica Aryepiglottica Cartilaginous Arytenoidea

Name in Latin the part of the Lungs which is Ventilate by the Bronchus Segmentalis

Segmenta Bronchopulmonalia

What is present on the floor of the Laryngeal Vestibule?

Recessus Laryngis Medianus

How is the Nasal Plate in the dog kept moist?

Lateral Nasal Gland

Name in Latin the opening between Sinus Maxillaris and Nasal Cavity

Apertura Nasomaxillaris

Name paired openings between Nasal Cavity and Nasopharynx

Choanae

Name the openings between Oral Cavity and Oropharynx

Isthmus Faucium

What makes up the Fibro-Cartilaginous Layer of the Trachea? Underline the Dorsal one

Cartilagines Trachealis Ligamenta Anularia M. Trachealis (underlined)

What is the Nose known as?

Rhin Nasus

What structure at the base of the Nasal Cavity is responsible for Smell?

Organum Vomernasale

Name the crest at the tracheal Bifurcation

Carina Tracheae

Name in Latin the Median Caudal Blind Sac formed by the Mucous Membrane of the Nasopharynx

Pharyngeal Diverticulum (Pig) Pharyngeal Recess (Ungulates)

Name in English the Triangular Space between Vocal Folds. It consists of 2 structures, name them in Latin

Glottic Cleft (Rim Glottis) Pars Intercartilaginea Pars Intermembranacea

What is the Orifice of the Nasolacrimal Duct located?

Ventral Nasal Meatus

What Blood Vessels supply the Larynx?

Cranial Thyroid Artery

How is the Rostrum/Snout supported?

By the Rostral Bone Covered by Modified Skin

In the Dog, the Pharyngoesophageal junction is marked by a Mucosal Fold. Name it in Latin

Annular Mucosal Boundary (Limen Pharyngo-Esophageum)

Write the Latin term which describes the entrance to the Esophagus

Aditus Esophageus

Name in Latin the part of the Pharynx extending Dorsally to the Soft Palate

Pars Nasalis Pharyngis

Name in Latin the opening which connects Maxillary Sinus and the Nasal Cavity. Which Nasal Meatus does it open to?

Apertura Nasomaxillaris Meatus Nasi Medius

Name the pathway for airflow (situated inside the Nasal Cavity) which communicates with the Paranasal sinuses

Middle Nasal Meatus (Meatus Nasi Medius)

Which animals have Sinus Lacrimalis? Which animals have Recessus Lacrimalis?

Pig, Ruminantes Dog

Name in English and Latin the Fluid filled Cleft between the Visceral and Parietal Pleura

Pleural Cavity (Cavum Pleurae)

Name the Blind Sac extending in the Horse Nostril. What is another name for this?

Nasal Diverticulum False Nostril

Pleura Parietalis is divided into 3 main parts. Name them in English and in Latin

Costal Pleura (Pleura Costalis) Mediastinal Pleura (Pleura Mediastinalis) Diaphragmatic Pleura (Pleura Diaphragmatica) (Pleura Pericardiaca)

Name the Nasal Meatus

Dorsal Nasal Meatus Middle Nasal Meatus Ventral Nasal Meatus Common Nasal Meatus

Name in Latin the Largest Meatus in the Nasal Cavity

Meatus Nasi Ventralis

Name the Conchae which originate(s) from Labyrinthus Ethmoidalis

Concha Nasalis Dorsalis Concha Nasalis Medius

Name 2 parts of the Rima Epiglottitis

Pars Cartilaginea Pars Intermembranacea