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Animal Anatomy > Osteology > Flashcards

Osteology Flashcards

1
Q

What two layers does the periosteum consist of?

A

Fibrous layer
Cambium layer

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2
Q

Name the basic structure of the compact bone tissue

A

Osteon

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3
Q

Which part of the long bone does compact bone dominate, and which part does spongy bone dominate?

A

Diaphysis (shaft)
Epiphysis

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4
Q

Name the disc of hyaline cartilage that is positioned transversely in the long bone and where it is located

A

Epiphyseal growth plate
Between metaphysis and epiphysis

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5
Q

Name two compartments of maxillary sinus in horse

A

Sinus maxillaris caudalis (caudal maxillary sinus)
Sinus maxillaris rostralis (rostral maxillary sinus)

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6
Q

Which discipline describes similarities and differences in the anatomy?

A

Comparative anatomy

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7
Q

Which bone cells are responsible for osteogenesis (formation of bone) and which for bone resorption?

A

Osteoblast
Osteoclast

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8
Q

Name the paired surfaces designed to join with costal head

A

Fovea costalis caudalis
Fovea costalis cranialis

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9
Q

List two vertebrae not having a caput vertebrae

A

Atlas
Axis

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10
Q

Name the structures of atlas that articulates with the subsequent vertebrae

A

Fovea articularis caudales (plural)
Fovea dentis

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11
Q

Name the plane that divides the body into two symmetrical parts and name the plane parallel to it

A

Median plane
Sagittal plane

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12
Q

Which animal has unlocked orbit?

A

Dog
Pig

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13
Q

Which paranasal sinus is the largest in the horse and which in cow?

A

Horse - Maxillary sinus
Cow - Frontal sinus

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14
Q

What types of bone can be distinguished in accordance with its shape?

A

Flat bone
Long bone
Irregular bone
Sesamoid bone
Pneumatic bone

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15
Q

Name the latin name of flat bone and irregular bone

A

Ossa plana
Ossa iregularia

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16
Q

Name the bone on which sulcus extensorius is present, and the one where processus extensorius is present

A

Sulcus extensorius - tibia
Processus extensorius - distal phalanx

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17
Q

Name the two surfaces visible in acetabulum

A

Facies lunata (pars major & pars minor in cow)
Fossa acetabuli

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18
Q

What are the different parts of the hyoid bone?

A

Basishyoideum
Thyrohydoideum
Ceratohyoideum
Stylohyoideum
Tympanohyoideum

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19
Q

List the different types of sutures in the skull

A

Sutura plana
Sutura foliate
Sutura squamosa
Sutura serrata
Gomphosis

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20
Q

Give at least 2 defects of brachiocephalic syndrome

A

Stenotic nares
Elongated soft palate
Tracheal collapse
Hypertonic palatine tonsils
Everted laryngeal ventricles

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21
Q

Name two joints of the vertebrae and ribs

A

Art. Capitis costae > costovertebral joint
Art. Costotransversaria > costotransverse joint

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22
Q

What parts of the temporal bone are visible in newborns?

A

Pars Tympanica
Pars Petrosa
Pars Squamosa

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23
Q

Name the largest sesamoid bone

A

Patella

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24
Q

Name the most distal sesamoid bone

A

Os Naviculare

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25
Q

Name the bone that has a) fossa radialis b) fossa extensoria

A

Humerus
Femur

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26
Q

Which type of bone is typical for a a) body of long bones b) epiphysis

A

Compact bone
Spongy bone

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27
Q

What are the two main parts of the skull?

A

Ossa faciei
Ossa cranii

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28
Q

What structure comes out of the external occipital protuberance? What is the structure formed by?

A

Lig nuchae
Lamina nuchae and funiculus nuchae

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29
Q

What 2 structures in the rib touch the vertebrae?

A

Caput costae - facies articularis capitis costae caudalis and cranialis
Tuberculum costae - facies articularis tuberculi costae

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30
Q

Name at least 2 surfaces of the proximal phalanx

A

Palmar/plantar surface
Articular surface

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31
Q

What kind of bone is the proximal phalanx

A

Long bone

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32
Q

Name the foramen in the atlas which is replaced with a notch in the dog

A

Foramen alare > incisura alaris

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33
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae articulates with the 5th pair of ribs

A

5th and 4th

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34
Q

Name the structure which is formed by the false ribs (costae spuriae)

A

Arcus costalis

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35
Q

Which type of bone marrow is typical for flat bone and which one for the medullar cavity of long bones?

A

Flat bone - red marrow
Medullar cavity - yellow marrow

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36
Q

Name 2 processes forming arcus zygomaticus

A

Processus temporalis (os zygomaticus)
Processus zygomaticus (os temporalis)
Processus zygomaticus (os frontale)

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37
Q

Name two bones forming symphysis pelvina

A

Os ischii
Os pubis

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38
Q

Name the caudal border of os coxae

A

Arcus ischiadicus

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39
Q

State the borders that form foramen obturatum

A

Ramus cranialis ossis pubis
Ramus caudalis ossis pubis
Ramus ossis ischii

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40
Q

Name the process at the distal extremity of the ulna. Which animal does not possess this structure?

A

Processus styloideus ulnae
Horse

41
Q

Name two processes at the proximal extremity of the ulane

A

Processus anconeus
Processus coronoideus lateralus et medialis

42
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae does a cow have?

A

6

43
Q

Give at least 2 examples of flat bones

A

Scapula
Sternum
Os pubis
Os ischi

44
Q

Name the structures (part of the atlas) surrounding foramen vertebrale

A

Arcus ventralis
Arcus dorsalis

45
Q

How many ribs does a dog have?

A

12 - 14

46
Q

Name the group of ribs forming arcus costalis

A

False ribs

47
Q

What is the latin name for the true ribs, false ribs and floating ribs

A

Costae verae
Costae spuriae
Costae fluctuantes

48
Q

Name the two main parts of rib in latin

A

Os costale
Cartilage costalis

49
Q

Name the parts of the sternum lying most caudally and cranially

A

Caudally - processus xiphoidea
Cranially - Manubrium sterni

50
Q

How many vertebrae the os sacrum of the horse and the dog consist of?

A

Horse - 5
Dog - 3

51
Q

In which morphotype of dogs the external sagittal crest is reduced or missing?

A

Brachycephalic

52
Q

List all the morphotype of do

A

Brachycephalic
Mesocephalic
Dolichocephlic

53
Q

Name the bones bordering the recessus maxillaris

A

Ethmoid bone
Maxillary bone
Palatine bone
Lacrimal bone

54
Q

Name the notch (in Latin) of the mandible between the processes coronoideus and processus condylaris

A

Incisura mandibulae

55
Q

Name the covering of the outer surface of the skull

A

Pericranium

56
Q

Which segment of the limb does the scapula represent? Name the bone representing the same segment of the pelvic limb

A

Zonopodium
Os coxae

57
Q

What joint do the humerus and the scapula form?

A

Shoulder joint

58
Q

What bones can be found in the zeugopodium segment of the front limb?

A

Ulna and radius

59
Q

Give two examples of animals having acromion

A

Dog
Cow

60
Q

What process is present in the acromion of the cat and what process is present in the acromion of dog?

A

Cat - Processus suprahamatus
Dog - Processus hamatus

61
Q

Name in latin the part where the caput of humerus is joined to

A

Cavitas glenoidalis

62
Q

Name the two parts of the long bone neighbouring with the cartilago epiphysialis

A

Epiphysis
Metaphysis

63
Q

Give another name to os ungulare

A

Os unguiculare
Distal phalanx

64
Q

Name two surfaces separated by margo coronalis in os ungulare

A

Faceis parietalis
Faceis articularis

65
Q

How many bones are there in a proximal row of the canine carpus?
How many in the distal row of the bovine tarsus?
Which of them are fused?

A

3 in proximal row of dog
3 in distal row of bovine
4th fused with central tarsal and 2nd fused with 3rd in bovine

66
Q

Name the plane perpendicular to the long axis

A

Transverse plane

67
Q

List two groups of ossa capitis

A

Ossa faciei
Ossa cranii

68
Q

Name the concavity where the maxillary foramen is. With which foramen does the maxillary foramen form the canalis infraorbitalis

A

Fossa pterygopalatina
Foramen infraorbitale

69
Q

Name the 3 bones forming palatum osseum

A

Os palatinum
Maxilla
Os incisivum

70
Q

Name two bones surrounding the foramen obturatum in latin

A

Os ischii
Os pubis

71
Q

Name otherwise the middle phalanx in a horse and the distal phalanx in a dog

A

Horse - Os coronale
Dog - Os unguiculare

72
Q

Does the high part of calcaneus go laterally or medially?

A

Laterally

73
Q

Name 3 major parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium sterni
Corpus sterni
Processus xiphoideus

74
Q

What kind of animal has a flat sternum and what kind of animal possesses a sharp bottom sternum?

A

Flat bottom - Cow
Sharp bottom - Horse

75
Q

Name in latin the type of bone containing the diploe. Give two examples of such bones excluding the skull

A

Ossa plan
Scaplua and sternum

76
Q

What are the 2 foramens of the mandible? what canal do these two foramens form?

A

Foramen mandibulae
Foramen mentale
Canalis mandibularis

77
Q

In which species does the incisura vasorum facialium present?

A

Horse

78
Q

What is the name of the process that is only present in the mandible of the dog?

A

Processus angulus

79
Q

Name the structure that is only present in the cats humerus.
Is this structure present in dog?

A

Foramen supracondylare
Yes

80
Q

Name the distinct structures that are only present in horses humerus

A

Tuberculum intermedium

81
Q

Name the two fossa’s that are only present in the humerus

A

Fossa radialis
Fossa olecrani

82
Q

Name in latin the groove that divides the tuberculum majus and tuberculum minus

A

Sulcus intertubercularis

83
Q

Name the structure in the sacrum which articulates with the hip bone

A

Facies auricularis

84
Q

Name two fossa’s present on the distal extremity of the femur

A

Fossa extensoria
Fossa musculi poplitea
Fossa intercondylaris

85
Q

Name the bone articulating with the patella

A

Caput ulnare

86
Q

Name the middle phalanx in a horse

A

Os coronale

87
Q

Name the distal phalanx in dogs

A

Os unguiculare

88
Q

Name the species that does not possess crista nuchae and what structure it is replaced with

A

Cow
Linea nuchae

89
Q

Protuberantia occipitalis externa is absent in which animals?

A

Pig

90
Q

What animals possess foramen orbitorotundeum?

A

Pig and cow

91
Q

Name the notches that present in the foramen lacerum

A

Incisura ovalis
Incisura carotica
Incisura spinosa

92
Q

Where are a) eminentia intercondylaris b) eminentia iliopubica located?

A

Tibia
Os coxae

93
Q

What is the name of the distinct structure that is only present in horses femur and which side is this structure facing?

A

Trochanter tertius
Lateral

94
Q

State 2 examples each for brachycephalic, dolichocephalic and mesocephalic dogs

A

Brachycephalic - Pekingese & Pug
Mesocephalic - Beagles & Golden Retriever
Dolichocephalic - Greyhound & Irish wolfhound

95
Q

Name the different parts of the hyoid bone

A

Epihyoideum
Ceratohyoideum
Thyrohyoideum
Basihyoideum
Stylohyoideum
Typanohyoideum

96
Q

Name 2 enlargements of the spinal cord

A

Intumescentia cervicalis
Intumescentia lumbalis

97
Q

Name in latin the space inside the diaphysis and the type of bone tissue forming its wall

A

Cavum medullare
Substantia compacta

98
Q

Name in latin the type of bone containing the dipole. Give two examples

A

Ossa plana (flat bones)
Sternum and scapula

Animal Anatomy (19 decks)

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