Common integument Flashcards
Function of common integument
Protection of the body against mechanical, physical, chemical and biological factors in environment
What are specialised structures of common integument
Subcutaneous tissue (subcutis, teal subcutanea)
Skin (cutis) with dermis, epidermis, horns
Modifications:
- skin glands (glandulae cutis) incuding mammary glands
- Foot pads (tori)
- Enclosure of distal phalanx: nail, claw, hoof
- Horn (cornu)
Name the structure in skin constisting of epidermis, dermis (corium) and tela subcutanea
Cutis
What can skin be further divided into
Dermis (corium) - deep CT layer
Epidermis - superficial epithelium
Tela subcutanea
What is the collective term for the sensory nerve endings
Terminationes nervorum
What structure contains the cutaneous glands
Dermis
Name 2 layers of the dermis
reticular layer - stratum reticulare
Papillary layer - stratum papillare
Name the layer of the surface of the skin
Epidermis
Name the 5 layers of the epidermis
Basal layer -stratum basale
Prickle-cell layer - stratum spinosum
Granular layer - stratum granulosum
Clear layer - stratum lucidum
Horny layer - stratum corneum
Name the grooves of the skin
Sulci cutis
What animals have sulci cutis, plica cutis and sinus cutanei
Ruminants
What is the general term for various cutaneous pouches
Sinus cutanei
What species have skin pouches (sinus cutanei)
Sheep, cat , dog
Name 2 muscles of the skin
mm. cutanei
mm. arrectores pilorum
Name the term for all types of hair
Pili
Name the guard hairs of the mammals coat
Capilli
Which animal have pili lanei
(wool hairs)
Sheep
Which animal has satae hairs
Pigs
(stiff bristles)
In which animals are capilli absent
Sheep-pili lanei
Pig - satae
Name the 3 parts each hair consists of
Medulla pili
Cortex pili
Cuticula pili (cuticle)
In which animal is the medulla pili absent
Sheep
(absent in pili lanei)
Name the portion of hair that extends from skin
scapus pili (hair shaft)
Name the part of hair embedded in skin
Radix pili (hair root)
Name the proximal enlarged part of hair root, enclosed by hair papilla
Bulbus pili (bulb of hair)
Name the invagination of the epidermis and CT conclosing the embedded part of the hair
Folliculus pili - hair follicle
Name the muscles that raise the hair, that extend for the side of the hair follicle to the papillary layer
mm. arrectores pilorum
What is the name of the hairs surrounding blood sinus and nerve endings? Give examples of these hair characteristics in feline
Pili tactiles
eg. Pili tactiles carpales
Name the tactile hairs in cats
Pili tactiles carpales
Which animal has pili tactiles carpales
Cat
What is the name of the hair on the whiskers of cat
Pili tactiles
Name the 5 types of tactile hairs
Supraorbital tactile hairs
Infraorbital tactile hairs
Zygomatic tactile hairs
Buccal tactile hairs
Mental tactile hairs
Location of pili tactiles carpales in cats
On the caudomedial surface of the forearm
Specify main patterns of hair streams in domestic mammals
Flumina pilorum - pointing in one direction
Vortex pilorum convergens - converging swirl
Vortex pilorum divergens - diverging swirl
Linea pilorum convergens - crest formed by converging hairs
Linea pilorum divergens - Parting or trough formed by diverging hairs
Cruces pilorum - Cross-shaped
Give 5 examples of hair patterns in domestic animals
Capilli (hair of mammals coat)
Setae (pigs coat)
Pili longi (long hairs of horse)
Pili tactiles (stiff hairs, mainly on head)
Pili lanei (sheeps wool)
Name the hairs of the vestibulum nasi
(Nasi) vibrissae
Name the hairs of the mane
Juba
Name the hairs at the entrance to the acoustic meatus
Tragi
Name the hairs of the eyelashes
Cilia
Which animals have barba
Goat
Name the long tufts of hair on the lower jaw of goat
Barba (beard)
Name the cranial hairs of the mane that fall onto head of horses
Cirrus capitis
Which animal has cirrus capitis
Horse
Which animal has juba
Horse
Name the long hairs of the tail
Cirrus caudae
Name the hairs of fetlock in horses
Cirrus metacarpeus/tarseus
Which animal has cirrus metacarpeus/tarseus
Horse
Name 4 groups of hairs in horse
Juba (neck hairs)
Cirrus caudae
Cirrus capitis
Cirrus metacarpeus/tarseus
Name the two basic types of skin glands
gll. sudoiferae - sweat glands - rare
gll. sebacea - sebaceous glands - common
also mammary glands
Which animals has the following eccrine sweat glands
gl. tori
gl. plani nasolabialis
gl. plani nasalis
gl. plani rostralis
gl. carpales
gl. tori - carnivore
gl. plani nasolabialis - Bovine
gl. plani nasalis - small ruminants
gl. plani rostralis - Swine
gl. carpales -swine
Name the eccrine sweat glands in pig
gl. plani rostralis
gl. carpales
Name the apocrine sweat glands
gll. odoriferae
Give another name for the flank organ
Organ of kupperman
What kind of glands are sebaceous glands
Holocrine
What kind of glands or sweat glands
Apocrine and eccrine
Name the fatty secretion secreted by sebaceous glands
Sebum
Name 4 types of sebaceous glands
gll. circumorales
gll. cornualis
gll. tarsales
gll. praeputiales
Name the skin glands of carnivores
gll. circumanales - circumanal glands
gll. sinus paraanales - perianal glands
gll. caudae - tail glands
gll. tori- in the footpads
gll. circumorales - cats
Name the sebaceous glands in the lips of cats
Circumoral glands
Name the skin glands of pigs
gll. plani rostralis
gll. preputiales
gll.mentales
gll. carpeae
Name the skin glands of bovine
gll. plani nasolabialis
Name the skin glands of sheep
gll. plani nasalis
gll. sinus infraorbitalis
gll. sinus inguinalis
gll. interdigitalis
Name the skin glands of goat
gll. plani nasalis
gll. cornualis
Name the skin glands of horse
gll. tori - gland of the frog
Name the gland of the ear canal present in all domestic animals
gll. ceruminosae
What is the number of mammae in
a)dog
b)cat
c)pig
d)cow
e)sheep, goats and horse
a)dog -10
b)cat - 8
c)pig - 14
d)cow - 4
e)sheep, goats and horse - 2
What is the main structures of the mammary gland
Corpus mammae
Papillae mammae
What animals have Udder/ uber (mamma)
Ruminants and Equine
Name the mamma of males
Mamma masculine
In which animals is the papillae mammae known as
a) nipple
b) teat
a) carnivores and pigs
b) ruminant
Name the structure on the surface of the skin where milk is withdrawn
Papilla mammae
Name the part of the mammae continued appically by papilla mammae
Corpus mammae
Name the muscle surrounding ductus papillaris
m.sphincter papillae
In which animals in the m.sphincter papillae know as the teat sphincter
Ruminants
What is the usual number of glands per mamma in
a)cat
b)dog
c) pig
d) ruminant
e) equine
a)cat - 5-7
b)dog - 8-14
c) pig - 2
d) ruminant - 1
e) equine - 2
What supports the weight of the mamma
lamella suspensoriae
What is the greek name for mamma
Sutek, Mastos
What can the duct system of each mammary gland be subdivided into
terminal parts of glands - glandular alveolus
Lactiferous ducts - ductus lactiferi
Lactiferous sinus - sinus lactiferi
Name 2 parts of sinus lactiferi
Gland (pars glandularis sinus lactiferi)
Papilla (pars papillaris sinus lactiferi)
Name the structure into which the milk flows directly from the ductus lactiferi
Pars glandularis sinus lactiferi
Name the structure into which the milk flows directly from the ductus lactiferi
Pars glandularis sinus lactiferi
What connects the pars papillaris sinus lactiferi with outside
Ductus lactiferi
Name the opening of ductus papillaris on the tip of the papilla mammae
Ostium papillare
Name the blood vessels where the mammary gland recieves blood flow
v.epigastica cranialis superficialis - milk vein
v. pudenda externa
v. epigastica caudalis
a. pudenda externa
a. epigastricus caudalis superficialis
Name the milk vein
v. epigastric cranialis superficialis
Name the 3 groups of footpads
Carpal and tarsal pads
Metatarsal / metacarpal pads
Digital pads
Name the pads in the hindlimb and forelimb of horses
Chestnut
Ergot
What is the name for :
Chestnut in pelvic limb
Ergot in thoracic limb
in carnivores
Torus carpeus/tarseus - chestnut
Calcar metatarseum - ergot
What animal has chestnut and ergot
Equine
Name the nerve endings on digital pads in carnivores
Toruli tactile
Name the organum digitale in
a) carnivores
b) Primates
c) ungulates
a) carnivores - claw (unguicula)
b) Primates - Nail (ungis)
c) ungulates - Hoof (ungula)
Name the structures enclosing the distal phalanx
Periophic segment (limbus)
Coronary segments (corona)
Wall segment (paries)
Sola segments (solea)
Name the structure that forms the hoof/claw
Horny capsule (capsula ungulae)
What can the horn capsule be divided into
Wall (paries corneus, lamina)
Gound surface (facies solearis)
Name the structures that form the wall (paries corneus, lamina)
Peroplic segment (limbus)
Coronary segment (corona)
Wall segment (paries)
Name the 3 layers of the wall (paries corneus, lamina)
External layer (stratum externum, eponychium)
Middle layer (stratum medium. mesoychium)
Internal layer (stratum internum, hypochium)
What forms the sole segment and footpads in ungulates
the base surface (facies solearis)
Name the 2 parts the sole segment can be divided into
facies contactus
facies fornicis
Name the 4 segments the claw of dog can be divided into
perioplic,
coronary,
wall.
sole segment
What animals are known as artiodactyles
Ruminants and pigs
Name the digital organ of the
Dog
Horse
Dog- os unguiculare
Horse- os unguare
What can the wall be divided into in equine hoof
Dorsum part/toe (pars dorsalis)
sides or quarters (pars lateralis et medialis)
the heels (pars lateralis et medialis)
the bars (pars inflexa lateralis et medialis)
What does the ground surface (facies solearis) consist of in equine hoof
The solar margin (margo solearis)
The sole (solea cornea)
The frog (cuneus corneus)
The bulbs of the heels (torus corneus)
Name the parts of cuneus corneus (the frog)
Apex cunei
Basis cunei
Sulcus cunealis centralis
Sulcus parocunealis lateralis and medialis
Spina cunei
Name 3 segments of the hoof
Coronary segment (corona)
Perioplic segment (limbus)
Wall segment (paries)
What can the ground segment of the hoof be divided into
Sole segment (solea)
Footpad (torus digitalis)
- distal part of the frog (cuneus ungulae)
- proximal part of the heel bulbs (torus ungulae
What is the white zone
Zona alba- the white line which forms the juction between the wall segments and sole segment
Consists of laminar and tubular horns
Name the structure separated by zona alba
Paries corneus (wall)
solea cornea (sole)
Function of the frog
shock absorber
